This study investigated the mediating roles of positive adversity beliefs and affect in the relationships between optimism, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents. We conducted three assessment waves 8.5 (T1), 9.5 (T2), and 10 (T3) years after the Wenchuan earthquake. Overall, 449 earthquake survivors (M_age = 13.44, SD = 1.31 years) completed questionnaires regarding optimism (T1), PTSD (T3), PTG (T3), positive adversity beliefs (T2), positive affect (T2), and negative affect (T2). After controlling for adolescents’ gender, age, trauma exposure, school performance, and their parents’ working status, optimism was directly associated with PTSD and indirectly associated with PTSD via positive adversity beliefs, negative affect, and “positive adversity beliefs-negative affect”. Optimism was indirectly associated with PTG via positive adversity beliefs, positive affect, negative affect, “positive adversity beliefs-positive affect”, and “positive adversity beliefs-negative affect”. These findings suggested that PTSD and PTG were influenced by different mechanisms: positive affect fostered PTG and negative affect accelerated both PTSD and PTG. Therefore, posttraumatic psychological services should focus on helping adolescents cultivate optimism and positive beliefs and develop emotion regulation skills.

本研究调查了积极逆境信念的中介作用以及青少年乐观、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和创伤后成长（PTG）之间关系的影响。我们在汶川地震后8.5（T1）、9.5（T2）和10（T3）年进行了三次评估波。总体而言，449 名地震幸存者（M _age = 13.44，SD = 1.31 年）完成了有关乐观 (T1)、PTSD (T3)、PTG (T3)、积极逆境信念 (T2)、积极情感 (T2) 的问卷调查。 T2) 和负面影响 (T2)。在控制青少年的性别、年龄、创伤经历、学校表现和父母的工作状况后，乐观情绪与 PTSD 直接相关，并通过积极逆境信念、消极情感和“积极逆境信念-消极情感”与 PTSD 间接相关。 。乐观通过积极逆境信念、积极情感、消极情感、“积极逆境信念-积极情感”和“积极逆境信念-消极情感”与PTG间接相关。这些发现表明 PTSD 和 PTG 受到不同机制的影响：积极情绪促进 PTG，消极情绪加速 PTSD 和 PTG。因此，创伤后心理服务应重点帮助青少年培养乐观积极的信念，培养情绪调节能力。