Proteolysis, including post-translational proteolytic processing as well as protein degradation and amino acid recycling, is an essential component of the growth and development of living organisms. In this article, experts in plant proteolysis pose and discuss compelling open questions in their areas of research. Topics covered include the role of proteolysis in the cell cycle, DNA damage response, mitochondrial function, the generation of N-terminal signals (degrons) that mark many proteins for degradation (N-terminal acetylation, the Arg/N-degron pathway, and the chloroplast N-degron pathway), developmental and metabolic signaling (photomorphogenesis, abscisic acid and strigolactone signaling, sugar metabolism, and postharvest regulation), plant responses to environmental signals (endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation, chloroplast-associated degradation, drought tolerance, and the growth-defense trade-off), and the functional diversification of peptidases. We hope these thought-provoking discussions help to stimulate further research.

中文翻译：

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分析内幕：植物蛋白水解中的开放性问题


蛋白水解，包括翻译后蛋白水解加工以及蛋白质降解和氨基酸循环，是生物体生长发育的重要组成部分。在本文中，植物蛋白水解专家提出并讨论了他们研究领域中引人注目的开放性问题。涵盖的主题包括蛋白水解在细胞周期中的作用、DNA 损伤反应、线粒体功能、标记许多蛋白质降解的 N 端信号（degrons）的产生（N 端乙酰化、Arg/N-degron 途径和叶绿体 N-degron 途径）、发育和代谢信号（光形态发生、脱落酸和独脚金内酯信号、糖代谢和收获后调节）、植物对环境信号的反应（内质网相关降解、叶绿体相关降解、耐旱性和生长-防御权衡）和肽酶的功能多样化。我们希望这些发人深省的讨论有助于激发进一步的研究。