We examined if there were profiles of infants' behavioural and physiological responses during the still‐face and if these profiles were predicted by maternal sensitivity. Participants included 230 mothers (40.4% non‐white) and their 2‐month‐old infants (48.7% female). Three profiles were identified: continually increasing negative affect and decreasing respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) (17.39%); modest, classic still‐face effect for negative affect and RSA (64.35%); high negative affect, late decreasing RSA (18.26%). Infants of highly sensitive mothers were more likely to be in the modest, classic still‐face effect for negative affect and RSA profile than in the continually increasing negative affect and decreasing RSA and the high negative affect, late decreasing RSA profiles. Additionally, infants of mothers who were high in maternal sensitivity were more likely to be in the continually increasing negative affect and decreasing RSA profile compared to the high negative affect, late decreasing RSA profile. The findings demonstrate heterogeneity in infant responses and that maternal sensitivity is an important predictor of children's behavioural and physiological responses to stressors.

中文翻译：

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静脸范式中婴儿负面情绪和呼吸性窦性心律失常的潜在特征：母亲敏感性的作用


我们检查了婴儿在静止面部时是否有行为和生理反应的特征，以及这些特征是否是由母亲的敏感性预测的。参与者包括 230 名母亲（40.4% 非白人）及其 2 个月大的婴儿（48.7% 女性）。确定了三个特征：持续增加的负面影响和减少的呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA）（17.39%）；针对负面情绪和 RSA 的适度、经典的静脸效果 (64.35%)；高负面影响，后期RSA下降（18.26%）。高度敏感母亲的婴儿更有可能处于负面情绪和 RSA 概况的适度、经典的静止面孔效应中，而不是持续增加的负面情绪和减少的 RSA 以及高负面情绪、晚期下降的 RSA 概况。此外，与高负面影响、晚期下降的 RSA 谱相比，母亲敏感性高的母亲的婴儿更有可能处于持续增加的负面影响和下降的 RSA 谱中。研究结果表明，婴儿反应存在异质性，母亲的敏感性是儿童对压力源的行为和生理反应的重要预测因素。