During the Covid‐19 pandemic new stressors were added to the usual challenges parents face, changing habits and reduced physical activity, all factors that negatively affect sleep quality in adults and children. This study examines (1) possible changes in the sleep‐wake patterns of parents and children before and after the March–May 2020 lockdown and during the new restrictions imposed by the Italian government in March 2021; (2) possible associations between children and parents' sleep quality reported by parents and intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A total of 264 Italian parents with children aged 1–6 years (M = 40 months, SD = 18.18) completed self‐report questionnaires. Children's sleep habits changed, and parental insomnia symptoms worsened after the March–May 2020 lockdown, while children's insomnia symptoms decreased. Positive associations between children's negative affectivity and insomnia symptoms emerged, as well as between generalized parental anxiety and parental insomnia symptoms and between parental fear of Covid‐19 and sleep‐related habits not in line with paediatric recommendations. Partner's involvement in children's care promoted good sleep habits. Results identified risks and protective factors that could impact Italian parents' and children's sleep during the second wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic, raising awareness among families, education practitioners, healthcare providers and the general public.Highlights Italian children's sleep habits changed, and parental insomnia symptoms worsened after the March–May 2020 lockdown, while children's insomnia symptoms decreased. During the second wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic, higher levels of children's temperamental negative affectivity were associated with higher levels of parental and children's insomnia, higher levels of parental anxiety, and the presence of children's sleep‐related habits not in line with pediatric recommendations. Partner's involvement in children's care promoted good and healthy children's sleep habits.

中文翻译：

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意大利 Covid-19 大流行期间父母焦虑、对 Covid-19 的恐惧、伴侣参与儿童护理和睡眠质量之间的关系


在 Covid-19 大流行期间，父母面临的常见挑战增加了新的压力源：改变习惯和减少体力活动，所有这些因素都会对成人和儿童的睡眠质量产生负面影响。本研究探讨了 (1) 2020 年 3 月至 5 月封锁前后以及意大利政府于 2021 年 3 月实施新限制期间，父母和孩子的睡眠-觉醒模式可能发生的变化； (2)父母报告的儿童和父母的睡眠质量以及内在和外在因素之间可能存在的关联。共有 264 名有 1-6 岁儿童（M = 40 个月，SD = 18.18）的意大利家长完成了自我报告问卷。 2020年3月至5月封城后，儿童睡眠习惯发生变化，家长失眠症状加重，而儿童失眠症状减轻。儿童的负面情感与失眠症状之间、父母普遍焦虑与父母失眠症状之间以及父母对 Covid-19 的恐惧与不符合儿科建议的睡眠相关习惯之间都出现了正相关。伴侣参与儿童护理促进了良好的睡眠习惯。结果确定了在第二波 Covid-19 大流行期间可能影响意大利父母和儿童睡眠的风险和保护因素，提高了家庭、教育从业者、医疗保健提供者和公众的认识。重点意大利儿童的睡眠习惯发生了变化，父母失眠2020 年 3 月至 5 月封锁后，症状恶化，而儿童的失眠症状减轻。 在Covid-19大流行的第二波期间，儿童的气质负面情感水平较高与父母和儿童的失眠程度较高、父母焦虑程度较高以及儿童睡眠相关习惯不符合儿科建议有关。伴侣参与儿童护理促进了儿童良好健康的睡眠习惯。