Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4) ligands were initially shown to be the source of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gram‐negative bacterium's cell wall immunostimulatory component. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation are all potential effects of LPS treatment on the lungs. By triggering oxidative stress and inflammation, these negative effects could be avoided. Robust flavonoid oleuropein (OLE) exhibits anti‐inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidative properties. A nanodelivery system could improve its low bioavailability, making it more effective and useful in treating chronic human ailments. This study evaluates the effects of AgNP‐loaded OLE on LPS‐induced lung injury in rats in terms of TLR4/P2X7 receptor‐mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Forty‐eight male albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Drugs were administered to the groups in the doses specified as follows: Control, LPS (8 mg/kg ip), OLE (50 mg/kg) AgNPs (100 mg/kg), OLE + AgNPs (50 mg/kg), LPS + OLE (oleuropein 50 mg/kg ig + LPS 8 mg/kg ip), LPS + AgNPs (AgNPs 100 mg/kg ig + LPS 8 mg/kg ip), and LPS + OLE + AgNPs (OLE + AgNPs 50 mg/kg + LPS 8 mg/kg ip). After the applications, the rats were decapitated under appropriate conditions, and lung tissues were obtained. Oxidative stress (SOD, MDA, and GSH), and inflammation (IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, Nrf2, P2X7R, AKT, and TLR4) parameters were evaluated in the obtained lung tissues. Additionally, histopathology studies were performed on lung tissue samples. The data obtained were evaluated by comparison between groups. Both OLE and OLE + AgNPs showed potential in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis (p < 0.05). These findings were supported by histopathological analysis, which revealed that tissue damage was reduced in OLE and OLE + AgNPs‐treated groups. According to the results, LPS‐induced lung injury can be reduced by using nanotechnology and producing OLE + AgNP.

中文翻译：

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负载橄榄苦苷的银纳米颗粒通过调节 TLR4/P2X7 受体介导的大鼠炎症和细胞凋亡来减轻 LPS 诱导的急性肺损伤


Toll 样受体 4 （TLR-4） 配体最初被证明是脂多糖 （LPS） 的来源，脂多糖是一种革兰氏阴性细菌的细胞壁免疫刺激成分。氧化应激、细胞凋亡和炎症都是 LPS 治疗对肺部的潜在影响。通过触发氧化应激和炎症，可以避免这些负面影响。强大的类黄酮橄榄苦苷 （OLE） 具有抗炎、抗增殖和抗氧化特性。纳米递送系统可以提高其低生物利用度，使其在治疗慢性人类疾病方面更加有效和有用。本研究从 TLR4/P2X7 受体介导的炎症和细胞凋亡的角度评估了负载 AgNP 的 OLE 对 LPS 诱导的大鼠肺损伤的影响。将 48 只雄性白化大鼠随机分为 8 组。以如下指定的剂量向各组施用药物：对照、LPS （8 mg/kg ip）、OLE （50 mg/kg） AgNPs （100 mg/kg）、OLE + AgNPs （50 mg/kg）、LPS + OLE（橄榄苦苷 50 mg/kg ig + LPS 8 mg/kg ip）、LPS + AgNPs（AgNPs 100 mg/kg ig + LPS 8 mg/kg ip）和 LPS + OLE + AgNPs（OLE + AgNPs 50 mg/kg + LPS 8 mg/kg ip）。应用后，在适当条件下将大鼠斩首，获得肺组织。在获得的肺组织中评估氧化应激 （SOD 、 MDA 和 GSH） 和炎症 （IL-6 、 IL-1β 、 TNF-α 、 Nrf2 、 P2X7R 、 AKT 和 TLR4 ）参数。此外，还对肺组织样本进行了组织病理学研究。通过组间比较评估获得的数据。OLE 和 OLE + AgNPs 均显示出减少氧化应激、炎症和细胞凋亡的潜力 （p < 0.05）。 这些发现得到了组织病理学分析的支持，该分析显示 OLE 和 OLE + AgNPs 处理组的组织损伤减少。根据结果，通过使用纳米技术和产生 OLE + AgNP 可以减少 LPS 诱导的肺损伤。