Polymer-Based Fabrication of 2D Metallic and Ceramic Nanomaterials,Accounts of Materials Research

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Polymer-Based Fabrication of 2D Metallic and Ceramic Nanomaterials
Accounts of Materials Research ( IF 14.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-07 , DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.4c00122
Yiyu Yao ₁ , Wenqing Zhu _{1,

2} , Yun Teng ₁ , Chuanzheng Li _{1,

3} , Yong Yang _{1,

4,

5}

Affiliation

Since the ground-breaking achievement of successfully exfoliating single-layer graphene in 2004, there has been significant and rapid development in the field of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. In the field of materials science, 2D nanomaterials are defined as freestanding nanomembranes with a thickness below 100 nm and other lateral dimensions that can extend to the millimeter scale or beyond. These materials exhibit exceptional mechanical, physical, and chemical properties due to their extremely high surface area to volume ratios, surpassing those of their bulk counterparts. As a result, numerous top-down and bottom-up methods have emerged over the past decades to synthesize novel 2D nanomaterials, catering to diverse applications. In this Account, we review the existing top-down methods, such as mechanical compression and mechanical exfoliation, as well as bottom-up methods including hydrothermal induction/solvothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition synthesis, etc. We critically discuss the advantages and limitations of each method. Subsequently, we highlight our recently developed method known as polymer surface buckling enabled exfoliation (PSBEE). Unlike previous synthesis techniques, PSBEE is based on the chemical reaction between metals and polymers to fabricate 2D nanomaterials with unique nanostructures. This approach offers a simple, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly means of achieving large-scale production of 2D nanomaterials, featuring an extremely high lateral size to thickness ratio ranging from 10⁶ to 10⁷. Notably, PSBEE eliminates the need for chemical etching and enables precise control over the morphology of the synthesized nanomaterials, allowing for transitions from 2D nanomembranes to 1D nanotubes. Through thermal annealing, some of the PSBEE-fabricated 2D nanomaterials, such as 2D gold nanomaterials, can undergo pyrolysis and transform into 0D gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, the versatility of PSBEE extends beyond 2D metallic nanomaterials to the synthesis of 2D ceramic nanomaterials, showcasing its broad applicability across diverse material systems. The unique nanostructures of PSBEE-fabricated 2D nanomaterials, usually featuring a network of nanosized ceramics and metals, contribute to their exceptional mechanical and functional properties. These include an outstanding elastic strain limit, superb strength, remarkable plasticity, superior fracture toughness, high electrocatalytic properties, and unique triboelectric performance. Consequently, these properties lead to novel applications of the PSBEE-fabricated nanomaterials, such as triboelectric sensing and 2D electrocatalysis. At the same time, the PSBEE method also offers notable advantages in terms of scalable production, high throughput efficiency, and low energy consumption, making it highly suitable for future industrial applications. In general, polymer-based fabrication of 2D nanomaterials opens up possibilities for producing diverse and technologically significant 2D nanomaterials, leading to new avenues for various practical applications.

中文翻译：

基于聚合物的二维金属和陶瓷纳米材料的制造

自2004年成功剥离单层石墨烯的突破性成果以来，二维（2D）纳米材料领域取得了显着而快速的发展。在材料科学领域，二维纳米材料被定义为厚度低于100纳米且其他横向尺寸可延伸至毫米级或以上的独立纳米膜。这些材料由于其极高的表面积与体积比而表现出优异的机械、物理和化学性能，超过了其块状材料。因此，在过去的几十年中出现了许多自上而下和自下而上的方法来合成新型二维纳米材料，以满足不同的应用。在本报告中，我们回顾了现有的自上而下的方法，例如机械压缩和机械剥离，以及自下而上的方法，包括水热诱导/溶剂热合成、化学气相沉积合成等。我们批判性地讨论了自下而上的方法的优点和局限性每种方法。随后，我们重点介绍了我们最近开发的方法，称为聚合物表面屈曲剥离（PSBEE）。与之前的合成技术不同，PSBEE基于金属和聚合物之间的化学反应来制造具有独特纳米结构的2D纳米材料。这种方法提供了一种简单、高效、经济且环保的方法来实现二维纳米材料的大规模生产，具有极高的横向尺寸与厚度比（10 ⁶至10 ^{7 ）} 。值得注意的是，PSBEE 消除了化学蚀刻的需要，并能够精确控制合成纳米材料的形态，从而实现从 2D 纳米膜到 1D 纳米管的转变。通过热退火，一些 PSBEE 制造的 2D 纳米材料（例如 2D 金纳米材料）可以发生热解并转化为 0D 金纳米颗粒。此外，PSBEE 的多功能性从二维金属纳米材料延伸到二维陶瓷纳米材料的合成，展示了其在不同材料系统中的广泛适用性。 PSBEE 制造的 2D 纳米材料具有独特的纳米结构，通常具有纳米级陶瓷和金属网络，有助于实现其卓越的机械和功能特性。这些包括出色的弹性应变极限、卓越的强度、卓越的塑性、卓越的断裂韧性、高电催化性能和独特的摩擦电性能。因此，这些特性带来了 PSBEE 制造的纳米材料的新应用，例如摩擦电传感和二维电催化。同时，PSBEE方法在可规模化生产、高通量效率和低能耗方面也具有显着优势，非常适合未来的工业应用。总的来说，基于聚合物的二维纳米材料制造为生产多样化且具有技术意义的二维纳米材料开辟了可能性，为各种实际应用开辟了新途径。

更新日期：2024-07-07

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