The Borexino experiment has developed, in its 32 years of activity, techniques and methods that allow for unprecedented radiopurity levels, which continue to be the current state of the art. These pioneering techniques and methods represent a new standard for ultra-low-background physics, a legacy that Borexino leaves to future experiments studying low-energy neutrinos and searching for rare events with detectors operating deep underground. The Borexino experiment leaves an equally influential scientific legacy with its discoveries and precise measurements of the nuclear processes that cause the Sun and stars to shine. Thanks to its unparalleled low background in the energy window of ∼150 keV to ∼15 MeV, the Borexino experiment also has contributed significantly to the understanding of neutrino oscillations with the observation of the energy-dependent matter to vacuum-dominated flavor conversion probability of solar neutrinos. Along with this textbook-quality body of solar neutrino results, the Borexino experiment has contributed to the study of the Earth's mantle radioactivity with background-free measurements of geoneutrinos. This article presents an overview of the long-lasting Borexino results and of the experimental efforts required to achieve them.

中文翻译：

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Borexino 实验的技术新奇和科学发现


Borexino 实验在其 32 年的活动中开发了允许前所未有的辐射纯度水平的技术和方法，这仍然是当前最先进的技术水平。这些开创性的技术和方法代表了超低本底物理学的新标准，Borexino 将这一遗产留给了未来的实验，这些实验研究低能中微子，并使用在地下深处运行的探测器寻找稀有事件。Borexino 实验留下了同样有影响力的科学遗产，它发现并精确测量了导致太阳和星星发光的核过程。由于其在 ∼150 keV 至 ∼15 MeV 的能量窗口中无与伦比的低背景，Borexino 实验还通过观察太阳中微子的能量依赖性物质到真空主导的味道转换概率，为理解中微子振荡做出了重大贡献。除了这些教科书般的太阳中微子结果外，Borexino 实验还通过对地球微子的无背景测量为地球地幔放射性的研究做出了贡献。本文概述了持久的 Borexino 结果以及实现这些结果所需的实验工作。