For decades, scientists have explored the link between aggressive behaviors and being an athlete based on a persistent concern that behaviors encouraged during competition influence actions outside the sports context. Numerous publications have investigated the relationship between athlete identity and engaging in aggressive behaviors. Only a small percentage have used psychometrically validated instruments to measure aggressive behaviors. This is a critical limitation. The aim of this review is to summarize findings from studies preceding January 2023 that used validated measures to identify types and intensity of aggression. A total of 7392 articles were identified from several databases. Thirty-eight met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen compared athletes to non-athletes, and 23 examined aggression using athlete-only samples. Six comparison studies found no differences between athletes and non-athletes. Nine had mixed results. Among the studies that used athlete-only samples, competitive level, age, and sport type differentiated scores on the aggression measures. Methodological differences in the study designs (e.g., sample size, sport type, and competitive level) make it difficult to draw generalizable conclusions from this body of literature. Future research on this topic should focus on carefully constructing new studies or replicating existing ones paying close attention to the measurement instruments and study design methods.

中文翻译：

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运动员与攻击性：对场外身体和言语行为的系统回顾


几十年来，科学家们一直担心比赛期间鼓励的行为会影响体育背景下的行为，因此一直在探索攻击性行为与运动员之间的联系。许多出版物研究了运动员身份与攻击行为之间的关系。只有一小部分人使用经过心理测量验证的工具来测量攻击行为。这是一个关键的限制。本次综述的目的是总结 2023 年 1 月之前的研究结果，这些研究使用经过验证的措施来识别攻击行为的类型和强度。从多个数据库中总共识别出 7392 篇文章。三十八人符合纳入标准。 15 名将运动员与非运动员进行了比较，23 名使用仅限运动员的样本检查了攻击性。六项比较研究发现运动员和非运动员之间没有差异。九个结果好坏参半。在仅使用运动员样本的研究中，竞技水平、年龄和运动类型在攻击性指标上的得分有所不同。研究设计的方法论差异（例如样本量、运动类型和竞技水平）使得很难从这些文献中得出普遍的结论。该主题的未来研究应侧重于仔细构建新研究或复制现有研究，并密切关注测量仪器和研究设计方法。