Immersion cooling and jet impingement liquid cooling, as two of the significant emerging direct contact liquid cooling methods, have promising prospects for development and application. The two cooling methods are combined and numerical simulation is applied to study the heat transfer performance of the immersion jet-cooled server. The orthogonal method is employed to determine the optimal structural parameters of the immersion jet, and the flow and heat transfer characteristics under different inlet and outlet layouts are investigated. The study shows that the optimal heat dissipation effect and moderate pressure are achieved when the ratio of jet distance () to jet pipe diameter () is 1.2, and the ratio of jet hole spacing to jet orifice diameter is 11.1. When the inlet and outlet of the cabinet are arranged in a -shaped layout, the pressure on the server surface is reduced by 17.1 %–31.6 % compared to a -shaped layout. When the inlet and outlet of the cabinet are arranged in a -shaped manner with the inlet at the bottom and the outlet at the top, the highest heat transfer coefficient is over 24000 W/(m K), which is approximately 1.5 times higher than that of other layouts. Through dimensional analysis, a quadratic function was selected to fit the relationship between heat transfer coefficient h, server pressure P and jet ratio (D/L), opening area A; In addition, the criterion relationship of = (, ) is fitted according to the simulation data, which provides a theoretical basis for energy saving and consumption reduction in data centers.

中文翻译：

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服务器浸入式射流冷却流动与传热特性的数值研究


浸没式冷却和射流冲击式液体冷却作为两种重要的新兴直接接触式液体冷却方法，具有广阔的发展和应用前景。将两种冷却方法相结合并应用数值模拟研究浸入式喷射冷却服务器的传热性能。采用正交法确定了浸入式射流的最佳结构参数，并研究了不同进出口布置下的流动与传热特性。研究表明，当射流距离（）与射流管直径（）之比为1.2、射流孔间距与射流孔口直径之比为11.1时，散热效果最佳，压力适中。当机柜进出风口采用“字”形布局时，服务器表面压力较“字”形布局减少17.1%~31.6%。当柜体进出口呈“下进上出”字形布置时，最高传热系数可达24000W/(m·K)以上，约为1.5倍其他布局的情况。通过量纲分析，选择二次函数拟合传热系数h、服务器压力P与射流比（D/L）、开孔面积A之间的关系；另外，根据仿真数据拟合了=(,)准则关系，为数据中心节能降耗提供了理论依据。