Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) were extensively used in agriculture. Due to their adverse effect, there is a need for sensitive and reliable methods to determine these agrochemicals. Microextraction techniques (ME) afford the opportunity to substantially reduce the amount of organic solvent used in classical extraction methods for pesticide analysis. Moreover, deep eutectic solvents (DES) made of components of natural origin, have been applied in microextraction techniques as a green alternative to organic solvents. The combination of thin film microextraction and DES can be seen as an alternative for thin film microextraction of OPPs from water samples. We describe a thin film microextraction-GC-MS method for the determination of OPPs from water samples. The thin film was prepared by solvent casting using cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymer and a deep eutectic solvent as the extracting phase. Lidocaine, menthol, dodecanoic acid, and camphor were tested as the components for DES-based film. With a film containing 70 % (w) of CTA and 30 % of the DES dodecanoic acid:lidocaine, quantitative results for the extraction of an OPPs mix were achieved. Then, the elution was performed with 2 mL of ethyl acetate. The validation of the TFME method was performed with a piece of the film suspended in 20 mL of sample solution with a contact time of 1 h. Limits of detection in the low μg L range were obtained using a single quadrupole mass analyser. The thin film with pipette tip configuration was tested and preliminary results for chlorpyrifos were satisfactory. This represents the first approach to use polymeric films made of CTA and DES for TFME of OPPs, in two configuration the suspended film and pipette tip.

中文翻译：

---

将低共熔溶剂掺入聚合物膜中，用于从水样中微萃取有机磷农药


有机磷农药（OPP）广泛应用于农业。由于它们的不利影响，需要灵敏且可靠的方法来测定这些农用化学品。微萃取技术 (ME) 提供了大幅减少农药分析经典萃取方法中使用的有机溶剂用量的机会。此外，由天然成分制成的低共熔溶剂（DES）已作为有机溶剂的绿色替代品应用于微萃取技术。薄膜微萃取和 DES 的结合可以被视为从水样中薄膜微萃取 OPP 的替代方案。我们描述了一种用于测定水样中 OPP 的薄膜微萃取-GC-MS 方法。使用三醋酸纤维素（CTA）作为聚合物和低共熔溶剂作为萃取相，通过溶剂浇铸制备薄膜。测试了利多卡因、薄荷醇、十二烷酸和樟脑作为基于 DES 的薄膜的成分。使用含有 70% (w) CTA 和 30% DES 十二烷酸：利多卡因的薄膜，获得了 OPP 混合物提取的定量结果。然后，用 2 mL 乙酸乙酯进行洗脱。 TFME 方法的验证是用一块悬浮在 20 mL 样品溶液中的薄膜进行的，接触时间为 1 小时。使用单四极杆质量分析仪获得低 μg L 范围内的检测限。对具有移液管尖端配置的薄膜进行了测试，毒死蜱的初步结果令人满意。这代表了第一种使用由 CTA 和 DES 制成的聚合物薄膜进行 OPP 的 TFME 的方法，采用悬浮薄膜和移液器吸头两种配置。