This study aims to develop a biodegradable hydrogel wound dressing film based on carrageenan and agar loaded with tetracycline (TC), which exhibits high antibacterial properties and accelerates wound healing. The swelling behavior of κ-carrageenan/agar and tetracycline-loaded hydrogel films was examined, with a focus on the hydrogel’s efficacy in various physiological fluids, as well as the effects of polysaccharide ratio, cross-linker concentration, and surfactant concentration. The results revealed that the polysaccharide ratio significantly influenced the hydrogel swelling capacity of hydrogel, and a 1:1 ratio of agar to κ-carrageenan achieved the highest swelling degree of 1386 %. Addition of KCl, as a cross-linker, increased swelling capacity to 1713 %. Furthermore, surfactant concentration also influenced swelling behavior, and higher concentrations resulted in an increase in hydrophilicity and swelling. Hydrogel swelling performance varied across physiological fluids, with the highest and lowest swellings observed in deionized water (DIW) and simulated wound fluid (SWF), respectively. The swelling process in DIW and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) exhibited second-order kinetics, whereas non-Fickian diffusion mechanisms were observed in SWF. The drug release of the κC/AG/TC hydrogel film was controlled by its swelling capacity and the pH of medium. The hydrogels’ mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and water vapor permeability were also investigated.

中文翻译：

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揭示 κ-卡拉胶水凝胶的溶胀行为：成分和生理环境对药物输送潜力的影响


本研究旨在开发一种基于角叉菜胶和负载四环素（TC）的琼脂的可生物降解水凝胶伤口敷料膜，其具有高抗菌性能并加速伤口愈合。研究了κ-卡拉胶/琼脂和四环素负载水凝胶膜的溶胀行为，重点关注水凝胶在各种生理液体中的功效，以及多糖比例、交联剂浓度和表面活性剂浓度的影响。结果表明，多糖比例显着影响水凝胶的溶胀能力，琼脂与κ-卡拉胶1:1的比例达到最高溶胀度1386%。添加 KCl 作为交联剂，将溶胀能力提高至 1713%。此外，表面活性剂浓度也会影响溶胀行为，较高的浓度会导致亲水性和溶胀增加。水凝胶的膨胀性能因生理液体而异，分别在去离子水（DIW）和模拟伤口液（SWF）中观察到最高和最低的膨胀。 DIW 和磷酸盐缓冲盐水 (PBS) 中的溶胀过程表现出二级动力学，而在 SWF 中观察到非 Fickian 扩散机制。 κC/AG/TC水凝胶膜的药物释放受其溶胀能力和介质pH值的控制。还研究了水凝胶的机械性能、抗菌活性和水蒸气渗透性。