Lightweight shading devices like sails, canopies, and street-scale shelters are a key strategy for urban cooling. Studies indicate that interactions between characteristics such as height, thermal emissivity and color, significantly affect outdoor thermal comfort, and those effects vary considerably with local context and time. However, practical understanding of shading often focuses solely on blocking direct solar radiation. Integrating microclimate simulation into design workflows can optimize shade design by considering all thermal effects. This paper validates two workflows using Ladybug Tools (LBT) for modelling freestanding shade, proposing their design applicability. A novel workflow models shortwave and longwave effects of lightweight shade materials on outdoor thermal comfort, differing from LBT's standard approach by considering shade interactions in longwave radiation exchanges. Simulated mean radiant temperature (MRT) is validated against field measurements and compared across both workflows. Field measurements separate long and shortwave contributions for accurate MRT comparison, revealing LBT's tendency to overestimate shortwave radiation effects. The custom workflow is applied to a design case study in Turin, Italy, evaluating various shade materials and their effects on MRT. Results demonstrate how shade material, height, ground material, and time of day interact to influence cooling effects, emphasizing practical implications for optimizing shade design.

中文翻译：

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城市街道遮阳的数据驱动设计：瓢虫工具作为室外热舒适设计工具的验证和应用


风帆、天篷和街道遮蔽物等轻型遮阳装置是城市降温的关键策略。研究表明，高度、热发射率和颜色等特征之间的相互作用会显着影响室外热舒适度，并且这些影响随当地环境和时间的不同而有很大差异。然而，对遮阳的实际理解通常只集中于阻挡直接的太阳辐射。将微气候模拟集成到设计工作流程中可以通过考虑所有热效应来优化遮阳设计。本文验证了使用 Ladybug Tools (LBT) 建模独立式阴影的两个工作流程，并提出了它们的设计适用性。一种新颖的工作流程模拟了轻质遮阳材料对室外热舒适性的短波和长波影响，与 LBT 的标准方法不同，它考虑了长波辐射交换中的遮阳相互作用。模拟平均辐射温度 (MRT) 根据现场测量进行验证，并在两个工作流程中进行比较。现场测量将长波和短波的贡献分开，以进行准确的 MRT 比较，揭示 LBT 高估短波辐射效应的倾向。定制工作流程应用于意大利都灵的设计案例研究，评估各种遮阳材料及其对 MRT 的影响。结果展示了遮阳材料、高度、地面材料和一天中的时间如何相互作用影响冷却效果，强调了优化遮阳设计的实际意义。