The Budyko framework has been successfully used to evaluate variations in hydrological processes and their responses to climate change and human activity. Recently, this framework was extended to estimate the mean annual terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) by defining two GPP potentials and a control parameter (). However, the feasibility of the GPP–Budyko framework at the growing season scale has not been validated and an attribution analysis of GPP changes under this framework has not been conducted. Therefore, focusing on 18 inland river basins of Northwestern China (IRB–NWC), the GPP–Budyko framework was improved by considering basin water storage change, and its adaptability was validated at the growing season scale. Furthermore, the impacts of climate change and human activity on the growing season GPP were quantified using an elasticity analysis approach. The results showed that the improved Budyko framework effectively captured the effect of vital climatic constraints on the growing season GPP. The control parameter increased in most basins from 1982 to 2018. Additionally, the mean growing season GPP was 88.46 gC with an increasing rate of 1.36 gC m a. The increasing growing season GPP was dominated by human activities, with a relative contribution rate of 59.84 %, ranging from 37.54 % to 89.21 %. The climate change was also an important factor affecting the growing season GPP with a median relative contribution of 40.16 %, ranging from 10.79 % to 62.46 %. This study provided a practical tool for estimating GPP at the growing season scale and offered opportunities to evaluate the effects of ecological projects and management on vegetation restoration.

中文翻译：

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改进Budyko限制框架对西北内陆河流域生长季GPP变化进行建模和归因


Budyko 框架已成功用于评估水文过程的变化及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应。最近，该框架被扩展为通过定义两个 GPP 潜力和一个控制参数 () 来估计平均年陆地总初级生产力 (GPP)。然而，GPP-Budyko框架在生长季尺度上的可行性尚未得到验证，也尚未对该框架下的GPP变化进行归因分析。因此，以西北18个内陆河流域（IRB-NWC）为研究对象，考虑流域水储量变化对GPP-Budyko框架进行了改进，并在生长季尺度上验证了其适应性。此外，使用弹性分析方法量化了气候变化和人类活动对生长季 GPP 的影响。结果表明，改进的Budyko框架有效地捕捉了重要的气候约束对生长季GPP的影响。 1982年至2018年，大部分流域的控制参数有所增加。平均生长季GPP为88.46 gC m a，增幅为1.36 gC m a。生长季GPP增长以人类活动为主，相对贡献率为59.84%，变化范围为37.54%~89.21%。气候变化也是影响生长季GPP的重要因素，其相对贡献中位数为40.16%，变化范围为10.79%~62.46%。这项研究为估算生长季节尺度的 GPP 提供了实用工具，并为评估生态项目和管理对植被恢复的影响提供了机会。