Concentrated vortex flows contribute to the aerodynamic performance of aircraft at elevated load conditions. For military interests, the vortex flows are exploited at maneuver conditions of combat aircraft and missiles. For transport interests, the vortex flows are exploited at takeoff and landing conditions as well as at select transonic conditions. Aircraft applications of these vortex flows are reviewed with a historical perspective followed by a discussion of the underlying physics of a concentrated vortex flow. A hierarchy of computational fluid dynamics simulation technology is then presented followed by findings from a capability survey for predicting concentrated vortex flows with computational fluid dynamics. Results are focused on military and civil fixed-wing aircraft; only limited results are included for missiles, and rotary-wing applications are not assessed. Opportunities for predictive capability advancement are then reported with comments related to digital transformation interests. A hierarchical approach that merges a physics-based perspective of the concentrated vortex flows with a systems engineering viewpoint of the air vehicle is also used to frame much of the discussion.

中文翻译：

---

集中涡空气动力学预测：当前 CFD 能力调查


集中涡流有助于飞机在高负载条件下的空气动力性能。为了军事利益，在战斗机和导弹的机动条件下利用涡流。出于运输利益，在起飞和着陆条件以及选定的跨音速条件下利用涡流。从历史角度回顾了这些涡流的飞机应用，然后讨论了集中涡流的基本物理原理。然后介绍了计算流体动力学模拟技术的层次结构，然后是通过计算流体动力学预测集中涡流的能力调查的结果。结果集中在军用和民用固定翼飞机上；仅包含导弹的有限结果，并且未评估旋转翼应用。然后报告预测能力提升的机会以及与数字化转型兴趣相关的评论。还使用了将集中涡流的基于物理的观点与飞行器的系统工程观点相结合的分层方法来构建大部分讨论。