An in vitro study using rainbow trout spermatozoa was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations of captan (CPT), mancozeb (MCZ), and azoxystrobin (AZX) fungicides on motility parameters, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DPPH inhibition. Moreover, changes in fatty acids profiles caused by the fungicides were determined for the first time. The results revealed that motility parameters, SOD activities, TAC values, and DPPH inhibitions decreased significantly while lipid peroxidation increased after ≥2 µg/L of CPT, ≥1 µg/L of MCZ, and ≥5 µg/L of AZX incubations for 2 h at 4 °C. Additionally, 10 µg/L CPT, 5 µg/L MCZ, and 200 µg/L AZX reduced motility to the 50 % level. Our results clearly demonstrated significant changes in the fatty acids profiles of spermatozoa exposed to these concentrations of the fungicides. The highest lipid peroxidation and the lowest monounsaturated and polyunsaturated saturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) were detected in AZX. Even though the susceptibility of spermatozoa to oxidative damage is generally attributed to PUFA contents, the results of this study have represented that MUFA content could play a part in this tendency. Moreover, the lower concentration of MCZ reduced motility to the % 50 level while it deteriorated the fatty acids profile less than did AZX. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the detrimental effects of the fungicides on mitochondrial respiration and related enzymes have more priority than oxidative stress in terms of their toxicities on spermatozoa. It has also been suggested that fish spermatozoa are a good model for determining changes in the fatty acid profiles by fungicides, probably, by other pesticides and environmental contaminants as well.

中文翻译：

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克菌坦、代森锰锌和嘧菌酯杀菌剂对虹鳟鱼 （Oncorhynchus mykiss） 精子活力、氧化应激和脂肪酸谱的影响


一项使用虹鳟鱼精子的体外研究旨在评估不同浓度的克菌坦 （CPT） 、代森锰锌 （MCZ） 和嘧菌酯 （AZX） 杀菌剂对运动参数、脂质过氧化、SOD 活性、总抗氧化能力 （TAC） 和 DPPH 抑制的毒性影响。此外，首次确定了由杀菌剂引起的脂肪酸谱变化。结果显示，在 4 °C 下 ≥2 μg/L CPT、≥1 μg/L MCZ 和 ≥5 μg/L AZX 孵育 2 h 后，运动参数、SOD 活性、TAC 值和 DPPH 抑制显著降低，而脂质过氧化增加。 此外，10 μg/L CPT、5 μg/L MCZ 和 200 μg/L AZX 将运动性降低至 50% 水平。我们的结果清楚地表明，暴露于这些浓度的杀菌剂的精子的脂肪酸谱发生了显着变化。在 AZX 中检测到最高的脂质过氧化和最低的单不饱和脂肪酸和最低的单不饱和饱和脂肪酸 （分别为 MUFA 和 PUFA）。尽管精子对氧化损伤的易感性通常归因于 PUFA 含量，但本研究的结果表明 MUFA 含量可能在这种趋势中发挥作用。此外，较低浓度的 MCZ 将运动性降低到 % 50 水平，而它与 AZX 相比，它对脂肪酸谱的恶化程度更小。总体而言，本研究表明，就杀菌剂对精子的毒性而言，杀菌剂对线粒体呼吸和相关酶的有害影响比氧化应激更重要。 还有人提出，鱼精子是确定杀菌剂（可能也由其他杀虫剂和环境污染物）引起的脂肪酸谱变化的良好模型。