In pursuit of enhancing the output power of energy harvesters, this paper introduces a novel jellyfish-inspired bistable piezoelectric-triboelectric hybrid generator (JIB-PTHG) with low potential energy barrier characteristics and low-frequency, broadband energy harvesting capabilities. The JIB-PTHG comprises two flexible beams, and two rigid links, connected via a spring. Utilizing the harmonic balance method and Runge-Kutta fourth-order algorithm, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties of the low-barrier bistable structure is conducted. Static equilibrium bifurcation and dynamic response analysis are performed. Subsequently, an electromechanical coupling model incorporating piezoelectricity and triboelectricity is developed to theoretically predict the output voltage of the two modules, revealing a positive correlation between displacement and output voltage. Experiment validation demonstrated that adjusting the length of the rigid links can effectively increase the deformation of the piezoelectric beam and the relative displacement of the triboelectric layers, thus improving the generator's output performance. Specifically, the TENG module exhibited exceptional energy harvesting performance within the frequency range of 3.5–6.5 Hz, achieving a voltage of 1050 V, a power of 1.84 mW, and the ability to illuminate 70 LED lights under an excitation amplitude of 17.5 mm and a frequency of 5.5 Hz. The PEG module, displayed high output performance within the frequency range of 4-7 Hz, reaching a voltage of 6.2 Vs and a power of 12.8 μW at an excitation frequency of 7 Hz and an amplitude of 17.5 mm. Both theoretical and experimental findings indicate that the JIB-PTHG has achieved improved output power within the frequency range of 3.5–6.5 Hz. Furthermore, the JIB-PTHG has the potential to harness bridge vibration energy and convert it into useful electrical energy for powering wireless sensor nodes in bridge health monitoring systems.

中文翻译：

---

受水母启发的双稳态压电摩擦电混合发电机，用于低频振动能量收集


为了提高能量收集器的输出功率，本文介绍了一种新型水母启发的双稳态压电摩擦电混合发电机（JIB-PTHG），具有低势垒特性和低频、宽带能量收集能力。 JIB-PTHG 包括两个柔性梁和两个刚性连杆，通过弹簧连接。利用谐波平衡法和龙格-库塔四阶算法，对低势垒双稳态结构的力学性能进行了综合分析。进行静态平衡分岔和动态响应分析。随后，开发了一种结合压电和摩擦电的机电耦合模型，从理论上预测两个模块的输出电压，揭示了位移和输出电压之间的正相关性。实验验证表明，调整刚性连杆的长度可以有效增加压电梁的变形量和摩擦电层的相对位移，从而提高发电机的输出性能。具体来说，TENG模块在3.5-6.5 Hz的频率范围内表现出优异的能量收集性能，实现了1050 V的电压、1.84 mW的功率，并且能够在17.5 mm的激励幅度和17.5 mm的激励幅度下照亮70个LED灯。频率为5.5赫兹。 PEG模块在4-7 Hz频率范围内表现出高输出性能，在7 Hz激励频率和17.5 mm振幅下达到6.2 Vs电压和12.8 μW功率。理论和实验结果表明，JIB-PTHG 在 3.5-6.5 Hz 频率范围内实现了输出功率的提高。 此外，JIB-PTHG 有潜力利用桥梁振动能量并将其转换为有用的电能，为桥梁健康监测系统中的无线传感器节点供电。