Existing transitions literature often highlights successful experiments for changing practices through multi-actor processes but overlooks the challenges of adjusting incumbent practices and engaging actors in reflexive learning. The current article addresses this gap through two qualitative case studies of water-related co-creation processes in the Netherlands. Each case met inertia and resistance from various actors in different forms. We examine the difficulties encountered using data from semi-structured interviews and observations of micro-level interactions from embedded action research. We find that using transactional learning perspective combined with Practical Epistemology Analysis is useful for obtaining a worm-eye view of dynamics of incumbency on the actor-level, in contrast to the eagle-eye view commonly adopted in transitions studies. Our main contribution is the identification of specific barriers to change and demonstrating how a worm-eye perspective offers detailed insights into micro-level interactions that hinder sustainability transitions.

中文翻译：

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多参与者创新过程中的惰性和变革阻力——来自荷兰两个案例的证据


现有的转型文献经常强调通过多参与者过程改变实践的成功实验，但忽视了调整现有实践和让参与者参与反思性学习的挑战。本文通过荷兰与水相关的共同创造过程的两个定性案例研究来解决这一差距。每个案件都遭遇了不同行为者不同形式的惯性和抵制。我们使用半结构化访谈的数据和嵌入式行动研究对微观层面相互作用的观察来研究遇到的困难。我们发现，使用事务性学习视角与实用认识论分析相结合，对于获得行动者层面在职动态的虫眼视图非常有用，这与转型研究中通常采用的鹰眼视图形成鲜明对比。我们的主要贡献是确定变革的具体障碍，并展示虫眼视角如何为阻碍可持续发展转型的微观层面的相互作用提供详细的见解。