Sex and gender differences in cognitive resilience to aging and Alzheimer's disease,Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Sex and gender differences in cognitive resilience to aging and Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's & Dementia ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-05 , DOI: 10.1002/alz.13844
Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo _{1,

2} , Rory Boyle ₃ , Kaitlin Casaletto ₄ , Kaarin J Anstey _{5,

6,

7} , Clara Vila-Castelar ₃ , Aaron Colverson ₈ , Eleni Palpatzis _{1,

2} , Jaclyn M Eissman _{9,

10} , Ted Kheng Siang Ng ₁₁ , Sheelakumari Raghavan ₁₂ , Muge Akinci _{1,

2} , Jet M J Vonk ₄ , Luiza S Machado ₁₃ , Preeti P Zanwar _{14,

15} , Hom L Shrestha ₁₆ , Maude Wagner ₁₇ , Stefano Tamburin ₁₈ , Hamid R Sohrabi _{19,

20} , Samantha Loi _{21,

22} , David Bartrés-Faz _{23,

24,

25} , Dena B Dubal _{26,

27} , Prashanthi Vemuri ₁₂ , Ozioma Okonkwo ₂₈ , Timothy J Hohman _{9,

10} , Michael Ewers _{29,

30} , Rachel F Buckley ₃ ,

Affiliation

Environment and Health Over the Life Course Programme, Climate, Air Pollution, Nature and Urban Health Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.
University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
University of New South Wales Ageing Futures Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sidney, New South Wales, Australia.
University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Lab, University of Florida, Center of Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
The Network on Life Course and Health Dynamics and Disparities, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Future Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Neuropsychiatry Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences & Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Neurology and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Biomedical and Neurosciences Graduate Programs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.

Sex and gender—biological and social constructs—significantly impact the prevalence of protective and risk factors, influencing the burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD; amyloid beta and tau) and other pathologies (e.g., cerebrovascular disease) which ultimately shape cognitive trajectories. Understanding the interplay of these factors is central to understanding resilience and resistance mechanisms explaining maintained cognitive function and reduced pathology accumulation in aging and AD. In this narrative review, the ADDRESS! Special Interest Group (Alzheimer's Association) adopted a multidisciplinary approach to provide the foundations and recommendations for future research into sex- and gender-specific drivers of resilience, including a sex/gender-oriented review of risk factors, genetics, AD and non-AD pathologies, brain structure and function, and animal research. We urge the field to adopt a sex/gender-aware approach to resilience to advance our understanding of the intricate interplay of biological and social determinants and consider sex/gender-specific resilience throughout disease stages.

中文翻译：

对衰老和阿尔茨海默病的认知弹性的性别和性别差异

性别（生物和社会结构）显着影响保护因素和风险因素的流行，影响阿尔茨海默病（AD；β-淀粉样蛋白和 tau 蛋白）和其他病理（例如脑血管疾病）的负担，最终塑造认知轨迹。了解这些因素的相互作用对于理解弹性和抵抗机制至关重要，这些机制解释了衰老和 AD 中认知功能的维持和病理积累的减少。在这篇叙述性评论中，地址！特别兴趣小组（阿尔茨海默氏症协会）采用多学科方法，为未来研究性别和性别特定的复原力驱动因素提供基础和建议，包括对风险因素、遗传学、AD 和非 AD 进行以性别/性别为导向的审查病理学、大脑结构和功能以及动物研究。我们敦促该领域采用性别/性别意识方法来提高复原力，以增进我们对生物和社会决定因素错综复杂的相互作用的理解，并考虑整个疾病阶段的性别/性别特异性复原力。

更新日期：2024-07-05

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