Coastal wetlands play a vital role in carbon (C) sequestration, named ‘blue carbon’. The review aims to disentangle the processes and influencing factors, including elevated atmospheric CO, global climate warming, sea level rise and anthropogenic activities. Firstly, we provided an overview of C processes, including input, output, and deposition, in coastal wetlands. We then summarized the impacts of different factors on C processes by modifying soil physicochemical properties, plant growth, vegetation type, and microbial community composition. Vegetation composition was a major contributor to C inputs, and C outputs was mainly controlled by microbial decomposition. Increased atmospheric CO concentration and associated climate warming often enhanced vegetation growth, while climate warming also promoted soil C decomposition. As a result, C storage could increase under mild warming conditions in the short-term, but decrease in the long-term as the severity of warming intensifies. Elevated salinity, caused by sea level rise, can be harmful to plant growth and inhibit organic C decomposition because of the reduced biomass and the weakened metabolic capacity of microorganisms. Most of human activities, such as reclamation, can lead to less C input and more C output, resulting in decreased C storage in coastal wetlands. Additionally, we also illustrate various coastal wetland restoration methods aimed at enhancing C sequestration, including legal frameworks, scientific theories, vegetation management, hydrological restoration, and other relevant constructions. Vegetation management could benefit plant growth and enhance C input effectively, and hydrological restoration can maintain the harmonious development of coastal wetland ecosystems. Other constructions, including breakwater, spillway, and dredged material, could protect coastal wetlands, especially facing sea level rise. This review offers valuable theoretical support and scientific references for the sustainable development and management of coastal wetlands in a changing climate.

中文翻译：

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沿海植被湿地有机蓝碳固存：过程及影响因素


沿海湿地在碳（C）封存（称为“蓝碳”）方面发挥着至关重要的作用。该审查旨在理清其过程和影响因素，包括大气二氧化碳浓度升高、全球气候变暖、海平面上升和人类活动。首先，我们概述了沿海湿地的碳过程，包括输入、输出和沉积。然后，我们通过改变土壤理化性质、植物生长、植被类型和微生物群落组成，总结了不同因素对碳过程的影响。植被组成是碳输入的主要贡献者，碳输出主要受微生物分解控制。大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加和相关的气候变暖往往会促进植被生长，而气候变暖也会促进土壤碳的分解。因此，在温和变暖的条件下，短期内碳储存量可能会增加，但从长期来看，随着变暖严重程度的加剧，碳储存量可能会减少。海平面上升引起的盐度升高，会因生物量减少和微生物代谢能力减弱而损害植物生长并抑制有机碳分解。大多数人类活动，例如开垦，都会导致碳输入减少和碳输出增加，从而导致沿海湿地碳储存量减少。此外，我们还阐述了旨在加强碳固存的各种滨海湿地恢复方法，包括法律框架、科学理论、植被管理、水文恢复和其他相关建设。植被管理有利于植物生长，有效增加碳输入，水文恢复可以维持滨海湿地生态系统的和谐发展。 其他建筑，包括防波堤、溢洪道和疏浚材料，可以保护沿海湿地，特别是面对海平面上升时。该综述为气候变化下滨海湿地的可持续开发和管理提供了宝贵的理论支持和科学参考。