While ipsilesional cortical electroencephalography has been associated with poststroke recovery mechanisms and outcomes, the role of the cerebellum and its interaction with the ipsilesional cortex is still largely unknown. We have previously shown that poststroke motor control relies on increased corticocerebellar coherence (CCC) in the low beta band to maintain motor task accuracy and to compensate for decreased excitability of the ipsilesional cortex. We now extend our work to investigate corticocerebellar network changes associated with chronic stimulation of the dentato-thalamo-cortical pathway aimed at promoting poststroke motor rehabilitation. We investigated the excitability of the ipsilesional cortex, the dentate (DN), and their interaction as a function of treatment outcome measures. Relative to baseline, 10 human participants (two women) at the end of 4–8 months of DN deep brain stimulation (DBS) showed (1) significantly improved motor control indexed by computerized motor tasks; (2) significant increase in ipsilesional premotor cortex event-related desynchronization that correlated with improvements in motor function; and (3) significant decrease in CCC, including causal interactions between the DN and ipsilesional cortex, which also correlated with motor function improvements. Furthermore, we show that the functional state of the DN in the poststroke state and its connectivity with the ipsilesional cortex were predictive of motor outcomes associated with DN-DBS. The findings suggest that as participants recovered, the ipsilesional cortex became more involved in motor control, with less demand on the cerebellum to support task planning and execution. Our data provide unique mechanistic insights into the functional state of corticocerebellar-cortical network after stroke and its modulation by DN-DBS.

虽然同病灶皮质脑电图与中风后恢复机制和结果相关，但小脑的作用及其与同病灶皮质的相互作用仍然很大程度上未知。我们之前已经表明，中风后运动控制依赖于低β带中皮质小脑相干性（CCC）的增加来维持运动任务的准确性并补偿同侧皮层兴奋性的下降。我们现在将工作扩展到研究与齿状-丘脑-皮质通路的慢性刺激相关的皮质小脑网络变化，旨在促进中风后运动康复。我们研究了同病灶皮层、齿状皮层 (DN) 的兴奋性及其作为治疗结果测量函数的相互作用。相对于基线，10 名人类参与者（两名女性）在 DN 深部脑刺激 (DBS) 4-8 个月结束时表现出 (1) 以计算机化运动任务为指标的运动控制能力显着改善； (2)同病灶前运动皮层事件相关的去同步化显着增加，这与运动功能的改善相关； (3) CCC 显着减少，包括 DN 和同侧皮层之间的因果相互作用，这也与运动功能的改善相关。此外，我们表明，中风后状态下 DN 的功能状态及其与同侧皮层的连接可以预测与 DN-DBS 相关的运动结果。研究结果表明，随着参与者康复，同侧皮层更多地参与运动控制，对小脑支持任务规划和执行的需求减少。 我们的数据为中风后皮质小脑-皮质网络的功能状态及其 DN-DBS 的调节提供了独特的机制见解。