From the margins of climate governance, supply‐side policies that seek to restrict the production of climate‐heating fossil fuels and keep sizeable quantities of remaining reserves in the ground are gaining greater prominence. From national‐level production bans and phase‐out policies to divestment campaigns and the creation of “climate clubs,” such as the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA), an increasing number of such policies are being adopted by national and state governments, cities and financial actors around the world. This marked shift in climate governance reflects a growing recognition that the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement cannot be achieved without enhanced efforts to leave large swathes of remaining fossil fuel reserves in the ground and actively phase‐out existing fossil fuels infrastructures. Unsurprisingly, there has been increasing scholarly attention to different dimensions of supply‐side policy: from identifying the nature and scale of the “production gap” (between planned fossil fuel production and that which is compatible with climate goals), to initial attempts to map and explain the adoption of supply‐side policies across different regions and sectors, as well as forward‐looking analysis of possible pathways to multilateral supply‐side agreements. This article surveys this academic and policy landscape to review what we currently know about supply‐side policies: how, when, why and by whom they are adopted, how significant they are, and the ways in which national and regional measures might be supported multilaterally.This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice

中文翻译：

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供给侧气候政策：气候治理的新领域


从气候治理的边缘来看，旨在限制气候变暖化石燃料生产并保留大量剩余储量的供应方政策正变得越来越重要。从国家级生产禁令和逐步淘汰政策到撤资运动和创建“气候俱乐部”，例如超越石油和天然气联盟（BOGA），国家和州政府正在采取越来越多的此类政策，世界各地的城市和金融参与者。气候治理的这一显着转变反映出人们越来越认识到，如果不加大力度将大量剩余化石燃料储备留在地下并积极逐步淘汰现有化石燃料基础设施，《巴黎协定》的温度目标就无法实现。毫不奇怪，学术界越来越关注供应方政策的不同方面：从确定“生产差距”（计划的化石燃料生产与与气候目标相一致的生产之间）的性质和规模，到初步尝试绘制地图并解释不同地区和部门采取的供给侧政策，以及对多边供给侧协议的可能途径的前瞻性分析。本文调查了这一学术和政策格局，回顾了我们目前对供给侧政策的了解：如何、何时、为何以及由谁采用这些政策，它们的重要性如何，以及国家和区域措施可能得到多边支持的方式.本文分类为：政策与治理 > 多层次和跨国气候变化治理 气候、自然与伦理 > 气候变化与全球正义