Levels of biological thiols, or “biothiols,” in mitochondria can be used to assess environmental and biological oxidative stress, which can cause health issues such as malignant tumors and neurological diseases. Here, we review fluorescent probes for detecting biothiols, targeting mitochondria, and emitting red and near-infrared light, with focus on nitrogen cation and oxonium ion units as mitochondrial biomarkers. Red-emitting and near-infrared fluorescent probes for detecting biothiols are classified according to the way they target mitochondria. We present the structure, fluorescence behavior, and biological imaging of the probes.

中文翻译：

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使用线粒体靶向发红光和近红外荧光探针进行生物硫醇分析来评估环境和生物应激：综述

线粒体中生物硫醇或“生物硫醇”的水平可用于评估环境和生物氧化应激，这可能导致恶性肿瘤和神经系统疾病等健康问题。在这里，我们回顾了用于检测生物硫醇、靶向线粒体以及发射红光和近红外光的荧光探针，重点关注作为线粒体生物标志物的氮阳离子和氧鎓离子单元。用于检测生物硫醇的发红光和近红外荧光探针根据其靶向线粒体的方式进行分类。我们展示了探针的结构、荧光行为和生物成像。