The worldwide expansion of female educational opportunities in recent decades has prompted demographers to assess the frequency with which women marry up (hypergamy) or down (hypogamy) with regard to education. A series of articles documented dramatic and nearly universal declines in hypergamy over time and across female educational advantage. However, this previous work investigated hypergamy only in the context of unequal educational pairings, excluding couples with equal levels of education (homogamy) from their analyses. Here, we argue that the prevalence of hypergamy should instead be assessed in relation to all marriages. We apply this approach to the case of Latin America, where women have made important gains in schooling relative to men. Using census microdata spanning 105 birth cohorts in 16 countries, we demonstrate that, rather than declining, hypergamy has increased in most countries over time and remains relatively stable across female educational advantage. Meanwhile, the prevalence of educational homogamy has declined considerably in most countries and across the axis of female educational advantage, an important trend that emerges only when homogamy is incorporated into the analysis.

中文翻译：

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考虑到已婚人口，一夫多妻制永无止境


近几十年来，全球范围内女性教育机会的扩大促使人口统计学家评估女性在教育方面的高婚（多婚制）或低婚（低婚制）的频率。一系列文章记录了随着时间的推移以及女性教育优势的影响，一夫多妻制急剧且几乎普遍下降。然而，之前的这项研究仅在不平等教育配对的背景下调查一夫多妻制，将具有同等教育水平的夫妇（同质婚姻）排除在分析之外。在这里，我们认为应该根据所有婚姻来评估一夫多妻制的普遍程度。我们将这种方法应用于拉丁美洲的案例，那里的女性相对于男性在学校教育方面取得了重要进展。通过使用涵盖 16 个国家 105 个出生队列的人口普查微观数据，我们证明，随着时间的推移，一夫多妻制在大多数国家非但没有下降，反而有所增加，并且在女性教育优势方面保持相对稳定。与此同时，在大多数国家，教育同婚的流行率大幅下降，并且跨越女性教育优势的轴心，这一重要趋势只有在将同婚纳入分析时才会出现。