Objective and BackgroundAccording to a recently proposed theoretical framework, different personality traits should explain pro‐social behavior in different situations. We empirically tested the key proposition of this framework that each of four “core tendencies” (i.e., the shared variance of related traits) specifically predicts pro‐social behavior in the presence of a different situational affordance.MethodsWe used a large‐scale dataset (N = 2479) including measures of various personality traits and six incentivized economic games assessing pro‐social behavior in different social situations. Using bifactor modeling, we extracted four latent core tendencies and tested their predictive validity for pro‐social behavior.ResultsWe found mixed support for the theoretically derived, preregistered hypotheses. The core tendency of beliefs about others' pro‐sociality predicted pro‐social behavior in both games involving dependence under uncertainty, as expected. Unconditional concern for others' welfare predicted pro‐social behavior in only one of two games providing a possibility for exploitation. For conditional concern for others' welfare and self‐regulation, in turn, evidence relating them to pro‐social behavior in the presence of a possibility for reciprocity and temporal conflict was relatively weak.ConclusionDifferent features of social situations may activate different personality traits to influence pro‐social behavior, but more research is needed to fully understand these person–situation interactions.

中文翻译：

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亲社会行为的核心趋势：测试人际框架


目的和背景根据最近提出的理论框架，不同的人格特质应该解释不同情况下的亲社会行为。我们通过实证检验了该框架的关键命题，即四种“核心趋势”（即相关特征的共同方差）中的每一种都专门预测了存在不同情境可供性的亲社会行为。方法我们使用了大规模数据集（ N = 2479）包括各种人格特质的测量和评估不同社会情境下亲社会行为的六种激励经济游戏。使用双因素模型，我们提取了四种潜在的核心倾向，并测试了它们对亲社会行为的预测有效性。结果我们发现对理论上推导的预先注册假设的支持混合。正如预期的那样，关于他人亲社会性的信念的核心趋势预测了这两个涉及不确定性下依赖的博弈中的亲社会行为。对他人福利的无条件关注仅在提供剥削可能性的两种游戏中的一种中预测了亲社会行为。反过来，对于有条件地关心他人的福利和自我调节，在存在互惠和暂时冲突的可能性的情况下，将它们与亲社会行为相关的证据相对较弱。结论社会情境的不同特征可能会激活不同的人格特质来影响亲社会行为，但需要更多的研究来充分理解这些人与情境的相互作用。