Industrial wireless sensor networks enable real-time data collection, analysis, and control by interconnecting diverse industrial devices. In these industrial settings, power outlets are not always available, and reliance on battery power can be impractical due to the need for frequent battery replacement or stringent safety regulations. Battery-less energy harvesters present a suitable alternative for powering these devices. However, these energy harvesters, equipped with supercapacitors instead of batteries, suffer from intermittent on-off behavior due to their limited energy storage capacity. As a result, they struggle with extended or frequent energy-consuming phases of multi-hop network formation, such as network joining and synchronization. To address these challenges, our work proposes three strategies for integrating battery-less energy harvesting devices into industrial multi-hop wireless sensor networks. In contrast to other works, our work prioritizes the mitigation of intermittency-related issues, rather than focusing solely on average energy consumption, as is typically the case with battery-powered devices. For each of the proposed strategies, we provide an in-depth discussion of their suitability based on several critical factors, including the type of energy source, storage capacity, device mobility, latency, and reliability.

中文翻译：

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将无电池能量收集设备集成到多跳工业无线传感器网络中


工业无线传感器网络通过互连不同的工业设备来实现实时数据收集、分析和控制。在这些工业环境中，电源插座并不总是可用，并且由于需要频繁更换电池或严格的安全法规，依赖电池电源可能不切实际。无电池能量采集器是为这些设备供电的合适替代方案。然而，这些配备超级电容器而不是电池的能量采集器，由于其能量存储容量有限，会出现间歇性的开关行为。因此，他们在多跳网络形成的延长或频繁的能耗阶段（例如网络加入和同步）中苦苦挣扎。为了应对这些挑战，我们的工作提出了三种将无电池能量收集设备集成到工业多跳无线传感器网络中的策略。与其他工作相比，我们的工作优先考虑缓解间歇性相关问题，而不是像电池供电设备的典型情况那样仅仅关注平均能耗。对于每个提出的策略，我们根据几个关键因素（包括能源类型、存储容量、设备移动性、延迟和可靠性）对其适用性进行了深入讨论。