Meniscus coating technique is extensively employed for fabricating large-area perovskite films. Based on this technique, there are still challenges of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) nucleation and crystallization in the film-forming process, which significantly hinders the device performance of perovskite solar cell (PSC) modules. Here, we developed a kind of meniscus-modulated blade coating method combined with solvent engineering to realize scalable, high-quality α-phase FAPbI3 films with larger grain sizes, preferred crystal orientation, excellent uniformity, and controllable thickness. On this basis, a notable 25.31% power conversion efficiency (PCE) for small-area cells (0.09 cm2) and 23.34% PCE for minimodules (aperture area: 12.4 cm2) with a certified PCE of 23.09% have been achieved. Besides, this minimodule exhibited exceptional device stabilities by remaining above 93% of the initial value after 2,000 h outdoor aging testing. This work provides a very promising meniscus coating fabrication method to realize high-performance FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells and photovoltaic modules.

中文翻译：

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弯月面调制刀片涂层可实现高质量的α相甲脒三碘化铅晶体和高效的钙钛矿微型模块


弯月面涂层技术广泛用于制造大面积钙钛矿薄膜。基于该技术，在成膜过程中仍然存在甲脒三碘化铅（FAPbI3）成核和结晶的挑战，这显着阻碍了钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）模块的器件性能。在这里，我们开发了一种与溶剂工程相结合的弯月面调制刮刀涂布方法，以实现可扩展的、高质量的α相FAPbI3薄膜，该薄膜具有较大的晶粒尺寸、优选的晶体取向、优异的均匀性和可控的厚度。在此基础上，小面积电池（0.09 cm2）的功率转换效率（PCE）达到了25.31%，微型组件（孔径面积：12.4 cm2）的功率转换效率（PCE）达到了23.34%，经认证的PCE为23.09%。此外，该微型模块表现出优异的器件稳定性，在2,000小时的户外老化测试后仍保持初始值的93%以上。这项工作为实现高性能FAPbI3钙钛矿太阳能电池和光伏组件提供了一种非常有前途的弯月面涂层制造方法。