High-quality transparent electrodes are indispensable components of flexible optoelectronic devices as they guarantee sufficient light transparency and electrical conductivity. Compared to commercial indium tin oxide, metal nanowires are considered ideal candidates as flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) owing to their superior optoelectronic properties, excellent mechanical flexibility, solution treatability, and higher compatibility with semiconductors. However, certain key challenges associated with material preparation and device fabrication remain for the practical application of metal nanowire-based electrodes. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art solution-processed metal nanowire-based FTEs and their applications in flexible and stretchable optoelectronic devices. Specifically, the important properties of FTEs and a cost-benefit analysis of existing technologies are introduced, followed by a summary of the synthesis strategy, key properties, and fabrication technologies of the nanowires. Subsequently, we explore the applications of metal-nanowire-based FTEs in different optoelectronic devices including solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes. Finally, the current status, future challenges, and emerging strategies in this field are presented.

中文翻译：

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用于柔性可拉伸光电器件的金属纳米线透明电极


高质量的透明电极是柔性光电器件不可或缺的组成部分，因为它们保证了足够的透光性和导电性。与商用氧化铟锡相比，金属纳米线因其优异的光电性能、优异的机械灵活性、溶液可处理性以及与半导体更高的兼容性而被认为是柔性透明电极（FTE）的理想候选者。然而，基于金属纳米线的电极的实际应用仍然存在与材料制备和器件制造相关的某些关键挑战。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最先进的基于溶液加工的金属纳米线 FTE 及其在柔性和可拉伸光电器件中的应用。具体来说，介绍了FTE的重要特性以及对现有技术的成本效益分析，然后总结了纳米线的合成策略、关键特性和制造技术。随后，我们探索了基于金属纳米线的 FTE 在不同光电器件中的应用，包括太阳能电池、光电探测器和发光二极管。最后，介绍了该领域的现状、未来挑战和新兴策略。