Abstract. The rapid changes occurring in the polar regions require an improved understanding of the processes that are driving these changes. At the same time, increased human activities such as marine navigation, resource exploitation, aviation, commercial fishing, and tourism require reliable and relevant weather information. One of the primary goals of the World Meteorological Organization's Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) project is to improve the accuracy of numerical weather prediction (NWP) at high latitudes. During YOPP, two Canadian “supersites” were commissioned and equipped with new ground-based instruments for enhanced meteorological and system process observations. Additional pre-existing supersites in Canada, the United States, Norway, Finland, and Russia also provided data from ongoing long-term observing programs. These supersites collected a wealth of observations that are well suited to address YOPP objectives. In order to increase data useability and station interoperability, novel Merged Observatory Data Files (MODFs) were created for the seven supersites over two Special Observing Periods (February to March 2018 and July to September 2018). All observations collected at the supersites were compiled into this standardized NetCDF MODF format, simplifying the process of conducting pan-Arctic NWP verification and process evaluation studies. This paper describes the seven Arctic YOPP supersites, their instrumentation, data collection and processing methods, the novel MODF format, and examples of the observations contained therein. MODFs comprise the observational contribution to the model intercomparison effort, termed YOPP site Model Intercomparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP). All YOPPsiteMIP MODFs are publicly accessible via the YOPP Data Portal (Whitehorse: https://doi.org/10.21343/a33e-j150, Huang et al., 2023a; Iqaluit: https://doi.org/10.21343/yrnf-ck57, Huang et al., 2023b; Sodankylä: https://doi.org/10.21343/m16p-pq17, O'Connor, 2023; Utqiaġvik: https://doi.org/10.21343/a2dx-nq55, Akish and Morris, 2023c; Tiksi: https://doi.org/10.21343/5bwn-w881, Akish and Morris, 2023b; Ny-Ålesund: https://doi.org/10.21343/y89m-6393, Holt, 2023; and Eureka: https://doi.org/10.21343/r85j-tc61, Akish and Morris, 2023a), which is hosted by MET Norway, with corresponding output from NWP models.

中文翻译：

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极地预报站点模型比对项目（YOPPsiteMIP）年特别观测期（SOP）数据


摘要。极地地区发生的快速变化需要更好地了解推动这些变化的过程。与此同时，海洋航行、资源开发、航空、商业捕鱼和旅游业等人类活动的增加需要可靠且相关的天气信息。世界气象组织极地预报年（YOPP）项目的主要目标之一是提高高纬度地区数值天气预报（NWP）的准确性。在 YOPP 期间，两个加拿大“超级站点”投入使用并配备了新的地面仪器，以增强气象和系统过程观测。加拿大、美国、挪威、芬兰和俄罗斯的其他现有超级站点也提供了正在进行的长期观测计划的数据。这些超级网站收集了大量非常适合实现 YOPP 目标的观察结果。为了提高数据可用性和台站互操作性，在两个特殊观测期间（2018 年 2 月至 3 月和 2018 年 7 月至 9 月）为七个超级站点创建了新颖的合并天文台数据文件 (MODF)。在超级站点收集的所有观测结果都被编译成标准化的 NetCDF MODF 格式，简化了进行泛北极 NWP 验证和过程评估研究的过程。本文介绍了七个北极 YOPP 超级站点、它们的仪器、数据收集和处理方法、新颖的 MODF 格式以及其中包含的观测示例。 MODF 包括对模型比对工作的观测贡献，称为 YOPP 站点模型比对项目 (YOPPsiteMIP)。 所有 YOPPsiteMIP MODF 均可通过 YOPP 数据门户公开访问（Whitehorse：https://doi.org/10.21343/a33e-j150，Huang 等人，2023a；Iqaluit：https://doi.org/10.21343/yrnf-ck57 ，Huang 等人，2023b；Sodankylä：https://doi.org/10.21343/m16p-pq17，O'Connor，2023；Utqiaġvik：https://doi.org/10.21343/a2dx-nq55，Akish 和 Morris， 2023c；Tiksi：https://doi.org/10.21343/5bwn-w881，Akish 和 Morris，2023b；Ny-Ålesund：https://doi.org/10.21343/y89m-6393，Holt 和 Eureka：https ://doi.org/10.21343/r85j-tc61，Akish 和 Morris，2023a），由挪威 MET 主办，并提供 NWP 模型的相应输出。