Abstract. We present an extensive dataset of ice thickness measurements from Jostedalsbreen ice cap, mainland Europe's largest glacier. The dataset consists of more than 351 000 point values of ice thickness distributed along ~1100 km profile segments that cover most of the ice cap. Ice thickness was measured during field campaigns in 2018, 2021, 2022, and 2023 using various ground-penetrating radar (GPR) systems with frequencies ranging between 2.5 and 500 MHz. The large majority of ice thickness observations were collected in spring using either snowmobiles (90 %) or a helicopter-based radar system (8 %), while summer measurements were carried out on foot (2 %). To ensure accessibility and ease of use, metadata were attributed following the GlaThiDa dataset and follows the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) guiding principles. Our findings show that glacier ice of more than 400 m thickness is found in the upper regions of large outlet glaciers, with a maximum ice thickness of ~630 m in the Tunsbergdalsbreen outlet glacier accumulation area. Thin ice of less than 50 m covers narrow regions joining the central part of Jostedalsbreen with its northern and southern parts, making the ice cap vulnerable to break-up with future climate warming. Using the point values of ice thickness as input to an ice thickness model, we compute 10 m grids of ice thickness and bed topography that cover the entire ice cap. From these distributed datasets we find that Jostedalsbreen has a mean ice thickness of 154 m ±22 m and a present (~2020) ice volume of 70.6 ±10.2 km³. Locations of depressions in the map of bed topography are used to delimitate the locations of potential future lakes, consequently providing a glimpse of the landscape if the entire Jostedalsbreen melts away. Together, the comprehensive ice thickness point values and ice cap-wide grids serve as a baseline for future climate change impact studies at Jostedalsbreen. All data are available for download at https://doi.org/10.58059/yhwr-rx55 (Gillespie et al., 2024).

中文翻译：

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挪威 Jostedalsbreen 冰盖的冰厚度和河床地形


摘要。我们提供了欧洲大陆最大冰川 Jostedalsbreen 冰盖的广泛冰厚测量数据集。该数据集包含超过 351,000 个冰厚度点值，分布在覆盖大部分冰盖的约 1100 公里剖面段上。在 2018 年、2021 年、2022 年和 2023 年的野外活动中，使用频率范围在 2.5 至 500 MHz 之间的各种探地雷达 (GPR) 系统测量了冰厚。绝大多数冰厚观测数据是在春季使用雪地摩托（90%）或基于直升机的雷达系统（8%）收集的，而夏季测量是步行进行的（2%）。为了确保可访问性和易用性，元数据按照 GlaThiDa 数据集进行归属，并遵循 FAIR（可查找、可访问、可互操作和可重用）指导原则。我们的研究结果表明，在大型出口冰川的上部区域发现了厚度超过400 m的冰川冰，其中在Tunsbergdalsbreen出口冰川堆积区最大冰厚约为630 m。厚度不到 50 m 的薄冰覆盖了 Jostedalsbreen 中部与其北部和南部部分的狭窄区域，使得冰盖很容易随着未来气候变暖而破裂。使用冰厚度的点值作为冰厚度模型的输入，我们计算覆盖整个冰盖的 10 m 冰厚度网格和河床地形。从这些分布式数据集中，我们发现 Jostedalsbreen 的平均冰厚度为 154 m ±22 m，当前（~2020 年）冰体积为 70.6 ±10.2 km ³ 。 河床地形图中凹陷的位置用于界定未来潜在湖泊的位置，从而可以在整个 Jostedalsbreen 融化时一睹景观。综合冰厚点值和冰盖范围的网格一起作为约斯特达尔布林未来气候变化影响研究的基线。所有数据均可在 https://doi.org/10.58059/yhwr-rx55 下载（Gillespie 等人，2024）。