The development of wearable and on-skin electronics requires high-density stretchable electronic systems that can conform to soft tissue, operate continuously and provide long-term biocompatibility. Most stretchable electronic systems have low-density integration and are wired with external printed circuit boards, which limits functionality, deteriorates user experience and impedes long-term usability. Here we report an intrinsically permeable, three-dimensional integrated electronic skin. The system combines high-density inorganic electronic components with organic stretchable fibrous substrates using three-dimensional patterned, multilayered liquid metal circuits and stretchable hybrid liquid metal solder. The electronic skin exhibits high softness, durability, fabric-like permeability to air and moisture and sufficient biocompatibility for on-skin attachment for a week. We use the platform to create wireless, battery-powered and battery-free skin-attached bioelectronic systems that offer complex system-level functions, including the stable sensing of biosignals, signal processing and analysis, electrostimulation and wireless communication.

可穿戴和皮肤电子产品的发展需要高密度可拉伸电子系统，该系统能够贴合软组织、连续运行并提供长期的生物相容性。大多数可伸缩电子系统的集成度较低，并与外部印刷电路板连接，这限制了功能，降低了用户体验并妨碍长期可用性。在这里，我们报告了一种本质可渗透的三维集成电子皮肤。该系统使用三维图案、多层液态金属电路和可拉伸混合液态金属焊料，将高密度无机电子元件与有机可拉伸纤维基材结合在一起。电子皮肤具有高柔软度、耐用性、类似织物的空气和水分渗透性以及足够的生物相容性，可在皮肤上附着一周。我们使用该平台创建无线、电池供电和无电池的皮肤附着生物电子系统，该系统提供复杂的系统级功能，包括生物信号的稳定传感、信号处理和分析、电刺激和无线通信。