Vat photopolymerization (VP) additive manufacturing enables fabrication of complex 3D objects by using light to selectively cure a liquid resin. Developed in the 1980s, this technique initially had few practical applications due to limitations in print speed and final part material properties. In the four decades since the inception of VP, the field has matured substantially due to simultaneous advances in light delivery, interface design, and materials chemistry. Today, VP materials are used in a variety of practical applications and are produced at industrial scale. In this perspective, we trace the developments that enabled this printing revolution by focusing on the enabling themes of light, interfaces, and materials. We focus on these fundamentals as they relate to continuous liquid interface production (CLIP), but provide context for the broader VP field. We identify the fundamental physics of the printing process and the key breakthroughs that have enabled faster and higher-resolution printing, as well as production of better materials. We show examples of how in situ print process monitoring methods such as optical coherence tomography can drastically improve our understanding of the print process. Finally, we highlight areas of recent development such as multimaterial printing and inorganic material printing that represent the next frontiers in VP methods.

中文翻译：

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用光生长三维物体


还原光聚合 (VP) 增材制造通过使用光选择性固化液体树脂来制造复杂的 3D 物体。该技术于 20 世纪 80 年代开发，由于打印速度和最终零件材料特性的限制，最初几乎没有实际应用。自 VP 成立以来的四十年里，由于光传输、界面设计和材料化学的同步进步，该领域已经大大成熟。如今，VP 材料已用于各种实际应用，并已实现工业规模生产。从这个角度来看，我们通过关注光、界面和材料的推动主题来追踪促成这场印刷革命的发展。我们重点关注这些与连续液体界面生产 (CLIP) 相关的基本原理，但也为更广泛的 VP 领域提供背景。我们确定了打印过程的基本物理原理以及实现更快、更高分辨率打印以及生产更好材料的关键突破。我们展示了光学相干断层扫描等原位打印过程监控方法如何能够极大地提高我们对打印过程的理解的示例。最后，我们重点介绍了代表 VP 方法下一个前沿领域的最新发展领域，例如多材料打印和无机材料打印。