BackgroundPeriodontal diseases are associated with dysbiosis in the oral microbial communities. Managing oral biofilms is therefore key for preventing these diseases. Management protocols often include over‐the‐counter antimicrobial mouth rinses, which lack data on their effects on the oral microbiome's ecology, bacterial composition, metabolic activity, and dysbiosis resilience. This study examined the efficacy of antimicrobial mouth rinses to halt dysbiosis in in vitro oral biofilms under periodontitis‐simulating conditions.MethodsMultispecies oral biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs (HADs) and rinsed daily with one of six mouth rinses. Positive and negative controls were included. After three rinses, biofilms were analyzed with viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction and visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Supernatants of rinsed biofilms were used for metabolic activity analysis. In addition, human oral keratinocytes were exposed to rinsed biofilms to assess their inflammatory response. All outputs were analyzed for correlation using Spearman coefficient.ResultsProduct‐related changes were observed in the rinsed biofilms. Three of the six tested mouth rinses could significantly prevent dysbiosis with ≥30% reduction in pathobiont abundance relative to the control. These biofilms had lower metabolic activity, and the exposed human oral keratinocyte produced less interleukin‐8. Interleukin‐8 production correlated to both pathobiont quantity and the metabolic activity of the biofilms.ConclusionSome mouth rinses could support biofilm resilience and stop dysbiosis evolution in the biofilm model, with a clear product‐related effect. Such mouth rinses can be considered for patients under maintenance/supportive periodontal therapy to prevent/delay disease recurrence. Others are more useful for different periodontal therapy stages.

中文翻译：

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抗菌漱口水在体外牙周炎生物膜模型中预防菌群失调的效果如何？


背景牙周疾病与口腔微生物群落的失调有关。因此，管理口腔生物膜是预防这些疾病的关键。管理方案通常包括非处方抗菌漱口水，但缺乏关于其对口腔微生物群生态、细菌组成、代谢活动和生态失调恢复能力影响的数据。这项研究检验了抗菌漱口水在牙周炎模拟条件下阻止体外口腔生物膜生态失调的功效。方法在羟基磷灰石盘 (HAD) 上生长多物种口腔生物膜，并每天用六种漱口水之一进行冲洗。包括阳性和阴性对照。三次漂洗后，通过活力定量聚合酶链式反应分析生物膜，并使用扫描电子显微镜观察。冲洗生物膜的上清液用于代谢活性分析。此外，将人口腔角质形成细胞暴露于冲洗过的生物膜中以评估其炎症反应。使用斯皮尔曼系数对所有输出进行相关性分析。结果在冲洗的生物膜中观察到与产品相关的变化。六种测试的漱口水中的三种可以显着预防生态失调，相对于对照，致病菌丰度减少 ≥30%。这些生物膜具有较低的代谢活性，并且暴露的人口腔角质形成细胞产生较少的白细胞介素-8。白细胞介素-8 的产生与生物膜的致病生物数量和代谢活动相关。结论一些漱口水可以支持生物膜恢复力并阻止生物膜模型中的生态失调进化，具有明显的产品相关效应。 对于接受维持/支持性牙周治疗的患者，可以考虑使用此类漱口水，以预防/延缓疾病复发。其他的对于不同的牙周治疗阶段更有用。