Passive dosimeters enabling accurate measurement of doses from gamma rays to visible light are necessary to ensure efficient utilization of electromagnetic radiation in numerous fields like medical diagnostics and industrial manufacturing. The specific requirements for dosimeters in terms of dosimetry range, sensitivity, accuracy, and stability for each application have led to the development of various dosimeters based on new materials and new mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review of different types of dosimeters classified according to the response signal, namely electron paramagnetic resonance, electrical, and optical, is provided. This review starts with a general introduction to dosimetry, a classification of dosimeters, and an elucidation of the necessity of dosimeters in various ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is followed by an overview of the fundamental requirements of dosimeters, an explanation of the general dosimetry procedure, and the dosimetric quantities. Emphasis is given to the working mechanism, the design concept, and applications of each type of dosimeter as well as their respective strengths and drawbacks. Challenges and prospects are presented at the end of the review. This review provides an insightful overview of the material-mechanism-characteristics-application relationship of different types of dosimeters that hopefully can serve as inspiration for the development of new devices.

中文翻译：

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用于辐射剂量测定的无源剂量计：材料、机制和应用


无源剂量计能够精确测量从伽马射线到可见光的剂量，对于确保在医疗诊断和工业制造等众多领域有效利用电磁辐射是必要的。每个应用对剂量计在剂量测量范围、灵敏度、准确性和稳定性方面的具体要求导致了基于新材料和新机制的各种剂量计的开发。在此，对根据响应信号（即电子顺磁共振、电学和光学）分类的不同类型剂量计进行了全面回顾。本综述首先对剂量测定进行一般介绍、剂量计的分类，并阐明不同电磁频谱范围内剂量计的必要性。接下来概述了剂量计的基本要求，解释了一般剂量测定程序和剂量测定量。重点介绍了各类剂量计的工作原理、设计理念、应用以及各自的优缺点。审查最后提出了挑战和前景。这篇综述对不同类型剂量计的材料-机制-特性-应用关系进行了深入的概述，希望能为新设备的开发提供灵感。