Although environmental, social, and governance (ESG) have been recognized for its overall impact on firm efficiency, research on the effects of the three main and multiple sub elements of ESG, especially in the airline industry, has been lacking. Thus, we analyze the impacts of overall ESG, its three main elements, and each sub elements of ESG on the firm efficiency of 29 suppliers, partners, and customers of Japan Airlines over the period of 2013–2022. First, we employ a two‐stage hierarchical network data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique that assesses the interrelationships and interdependencies among the supply chain players in contributing toward achieving their respective operating and profitability efficiencies. Second, we run ordinary least squares regression analyses with 5000 bootstrap replications and determine that overall ESG and its three main elements are positively linked with firm efficiencies. The sub elements of ESG have different impacts on firm efficiencies. That is, resource use and environmental innovation under the Environmental element and human rights and product responsibility under the Social element show significantly positive associations with firm efficiencies. All Governance sub elements positively affect firm efficiencies. The outcomes of this study will be valuable for managers at Japan Airlines and other policymakers within its supply chain because it highlights the importance of focusing on the three main and sub elements of ESG and employing the accurate firm efficiency measurement method when interrelationships and interdependencies of decision‐making units exist.

中文翻译：

---

日本航空供应链的环境、社会和治理以及分层网络数据包络分析公司效率


尽管环境、社会和治理（ESG）因其对公司效率的整体影响而得到认可，但对 ESG 的三个主要和多个子要素的影响的研究，特别是在航空业，一直缺乏。因此，我们分析了 2013 年至 2022 年期间整体 ESG、其三个主要要素以及 ESG 的每个子要素对日本航空 29 家供应商、合作伙伴和客户的公司效率的影响。首先，我们采用两阶段分层网络数据包络分析（DEA）技术来评估供应链参与者之间的相互关系和相互依赖性，以帮助实现各自的运营和盈利效率。其次，我们通过 5000 次引导复制进行普通最小二乘回归分析，并确定整体 ESG 及其三个主要要素与公司效率呈正相关。 ESG 的子要素对公司效率有不同的影响。也就是说，环境要素下的资源利用和环境创新以及社会要素下的人权和产品责任与企业效率呈显着正相关。所有治理子要素都会对公司效率产生积极影响。这项研究的结果对于日本航空的管理人员及其供应链内的其他政策制定者来说非常有价值，因为它强调了在决策的相互关系和相互依赖性时关注 ESG 的三个主要和次要要素以及采用准确的企业效率衡量方法的重要性‐制造单位存在。