Sodium metal battery is considered as one of the most promising energy storage/conversion devices due to their high energy density, and abundant sodium reserves. However, its development is hampered by the limited metallic utilization and detrimental sodium dendrite growth ascribed to the unstable, and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, the high stable and modulus SEI is constructed with a component of a thin and dense layer of high Na-ion conductive Na₂SiO₃. It is in situ formed by the reaction between sodium anode and fish-skin structure separator, which exhibits a 3D porous polyvinylidene fluoride-based framework embedded with thin and robust vermiculite sheets. The robust interphase cannot only suppress sodium dendrite growth but also enable high energy density with small interphase-consumed Na ions in anode-less batteries. Accordingly, the as-assembled NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂//Na cell shows 83% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at a rate of 5 °C. Moreover, the proof-of-concept pouch cells deliver an energy density of 205 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on the total mass of the battery), and high safety (not catching fire after punctured) under anode-less condition (with a low negative/positive capacity ratio of ≈2.1).

中文翻译：

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高模量富含 Na2SiO3 固体电解质界面相可实现长循环和高能量密度钠金属电池


钠金属电池因其高能量密度和丰富的钠储量而被认为是最有前途的能量存储/转换装置之一。然而，由于不稳定且脆弱的固体电解质界面（SEI），金属利用率有限以及有害的钠枝晶生长，阻碍了其发展。这里，高稳定性和高模量的SEI由薄而致密的高钠离子导电层Na ₂ SiO ₃ 组成。它是通过钠阳极和鱼皮结构隔膜之间的反应原位形成的，它具有嵌入薄而坚固的蛭石片的 3D 多孔聚偏二氟乙烯框架。强大的中间相不仅可以抑制钠枝晶的生长，而且可以在无阳极电池中通过较小的中间相消耗的钠离子实现高能量密度。因此，组装后的 NaNi _1/3 Fe _1/3 Mn _1/3 O ₂ //Na 电池在 5000 次循环后显示出 83% 的容量保持率以 5°C 的速率。此外，概念验证软包电池的能量密度为 205 Wh kg ⁻¹ （基于电池总质量），并且在无阳极情况下安全性高（刺穿后不会着火）条件（负/正容量比低，约为 2.1）。