The utilization of persulfate (PS) as the cornerstone of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is an emerging and powerful method for eliminating persistent organic pollutants in wastewater. The efficient activation of PS is a prerequisite factor in this technology. Through the strategic application of vacancy defect engineering, catalytic materials can be optimized to improve PS activation. In this review, our exploration focuses on clarifying the key role of vacancy defects in promoting PS activation and summarizing the potential mechanisms of PS activation. In addition, six widely used advanced characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are introduced to characterize vacancies in materials. Furthermore, we systematically summarize the methods of vacancy generation and introduce common different types of vacancy defect catalytic materials and their applications. Finally, we summarize and present the enhancement of PS activation by vacancy defect materials. This review provides new insights for us to understand the mechanism of vacancy defect materials promoting PS activation and its future development, hoping to design more efficient catalysts in the future for environment remediation.

中文翻译：

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新兴研究者系列：空位缺陷材料激活过硫酸盐的最新进展：空位的作用


利用过硫酸盐（PS）作为高级氧化工艺（AOP）的基石是消除废水中持久性有机污染物的一种新兴且强大的方法。 PS的高效活化是该技术的先决条件。通过空位缺陷工程的战略应用，可以优化催化材料以提高 PS 活化。在这篇综述中，我们的探索重点是阐明空位缺陷在促进 PS 激活中的关键作用，并总结 PS 激活的潜在机制。此外，还引入了六种广泛使用的先进表征技术和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算来表征材料中的空位。此外，我们系统地总结了空位的产生方法，介绍了常见的不同类型的空位缺陷催化材料及其应用。最后，我们总结并介绍了空位缺陷材料对 PS 活化的增强作用。该综述为我们了解空位缺陷材料促进PS活化的机制及其未来发展提供了新的见解，希望在未来设计出更高效的催化剂用于环境修复。