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Enhancing stand establishment and yield formation of cotton with multiple drip irrigation during emergence in saline fields of Southern Xinjiang
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109482 Jianlong Dai , Zhengpeng Cui , Yanjun Zhang , Lijie Zhan , JunJun Nie , Jianqiang Cui , Dongmei Zhang , Shizhen Xu , Lin Sun , Bing Chen , Hezhong Dong
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109482 Jianlong Dai , Zhengpeng Cui , Yanjun Zhang , Lijie Zhan , JunJun Nie , Jianqiang Cui , Dongmei Zhang , Shizhen Xu , Lin Sun , Bing Chen , Hezhong Dong
Flooding irrigation prior to sowing during the winter or spring seasons has been widely employed to mitigate soil salinity and generate adequate soil moisture for cotton seedling emergence in saline fields. In an effort to conserve water, a technique known as "dry sowing and wet emergence" has been utilized in arid regions of Northern Xinjiang, China, where the soil is not irrigated before sowing, and a single drip irrigation is applied to facilitate cotton emergence immediately after sowing. However, the successful implementation of this technique has not been achieved due to high soil salinity in Southern Xinjiang, China. In light of these challenges, we hypothesize that modifying the traditional "dry sowing and wet emergence" technique from a one-time irrigation to multiple irrigations during the seedling stage could improve the microenvironment of the root-zone soil, thereby mitigating salinity stress and promoting seedling emergence and stand establishment. We conducted a two-year field experiment employing a randomized block experimental design to assess the impacts of various irrigation methods during the seedling stage on soil microenvironment, seedling emergence, stand establishment, plant physiological response to salinity stress, and yield formation of cotton. The experiment encompassed three treatments, including pre-sowing flood irrigation (flood irrigation), the traditional single drip irrigation for dry sowing and wet emergence (single drip irrigation), and the modified dry sowing and wet emergence with three rounds of drip irrigation (multiple drip irrigation). Multiple drip irrigation resulted in consistently higher soil temperatures during the period of 5–30 days after sowing (DAS), lower soil salinity from 15 to 30 DAS, and also maintained relatively higher soil moisture levels than single drip irrigation between 20 and 30 DAS. In contrast to flood irrigation, multiple drip irrigation led to an increase in soil temperature from 5 to 30 DAS and a reduction in soil salinity levels during the period of 15–30 DAS. Conversely, single drip irrigation led to a decrease in soil salinity during 5–10 DAS, but a substantial increase in soil salinity and decrease in soil moisture from 20 to 30 DAS. Multiple drip irrigations used only 40 % of the irrigation amount needed for flood irrigation but achieved comparable seedling emergence and stand establishment rates. Compared to single drip irrigation, multiple drip irrigations decreased Na and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the leaves by 21.7 % and 15.6 %, and increased photosynthetic (Pn) rate and stand establishment rate by 22.0 % and 36.3 %, respectively. Moreover, multiple drip irrigation produced seedcotton yields equal to those of flood irrigation, with an increase of 24.2 % compared to single drip irrigation. The results demonstrate that multiple drip irrigations enhance seedcotton yield through improving stand establishment compared to single drip irrigation. This improvement is attributed to reduced salinity stress, as evidenced by the decreased soil salinity, Na content, and MDA content in the leaves when using multiple drip irrigation during seedling emergence. Therefore, multiple drip irrigation is a promising technique for promoting cotton seedling emergence and stand establishment in saline fields of Southern Xinjiang and other cotton-growing areas with similar ecological conditions.
更新日期：2024-06-28
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