Lodging is a complex phenomenon that affects wheat grain yield worldwide. There is a contradiction between lodging incidence and continuous increase in grain yield in a single-cultivar pattern. However, few studies have explored the coordination between lodging incidence and grain yield with an increase in genetic diversity. This study tested the hypothesis that positive intra-population interactions among wheat cultivars in mixtures may improve lodging resistance and grain yield. A field experiment was conducted on the North China Plain, wherein wheat cultivars were grown in a single-planting pattern and cultivar mixtures comprising two (mixture-2), four (mixture-4) and eight (mixture-8) wheat cultivars, to explore the interaction between lodging resistance and grain yield. Lodging was not observed in all the cultivar mixtures; however, some lodging-susceptible cultivars underwent a partial reduction in grain yield owing to lodging in single-cultivar patterns. Lodging stress resistance was significantly () and positively correlated with the breaking strength of the second basal internode at the dough stage. The stem morphological characteristics and lignin and cellulose contents of the second internode contributed to the enhanced breaking strength of the cultivar mixtures. The cultivar mixtures showed increased grain yield compared with the weighted mean of the single-component cultivars. A transgressive over-yielding effect of the wheat cultivar mixtures was observed in 2019 and 2021. Our findings demonstrate that the cultivar mixtures exhibited improved lodging resistance and grain yield at the population level, whereas partial yield loss caused by lodging was evident in single-cultivar patterns. The coordinating effect can be attributed to the higher proportion of lodging-resistant cultivars and the greater mechanical strength of the stem in the cultivar mixtures. The findings imply that wheat cultivar mixture, as an ecological approach, is an effective strategy for reducing yield loss caused by lodging in field production.

中文翻译：

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通过小麦遗传多样性协调倒伏发生率和粮食产量


倒伏是影响全球小麦产量的复杂现象。单品种模式下，倒伏发生率与粮食产量持续提高存在矛盾。然而，很少有研究探讨倒伏发生率和粮食产量与遗传多样性增加之间的协调关系。这项研究检验了这样的假设：混合物中小麦品种之间的群体内积极相互作用可能会提高抗倒伏性和谷物产量。在华北平原进行田间试验，采用单种小麦品种和2种（mixture-2）、4种（mixture-4）和8种（mixture-8）小麦品种混种的方式种植，探讨抗倒伏与粮食产量的交互作用。所有品种混合物均未观察到倒伏现象；然而，一些易倒伏的品种由于单一品种的倒伏而导致粮食产量部分下降。抗倒伏力与面团阶段第二基部节间断裂强度呈显着正相关。茎形态特征以及第二节间的木质素和纤维素含量有助于提高品种混合物的断裂强度。与单组分品种的加权平均值相比，品种混合物显示出增加的谷物产量。 2019年和2021年观察到小麦品种混合物的海侵性超产效应。我们的研究结果表明，品种混合物在群体水平上表现出改善的抗倒伏性和籽粒产量，而单品种中由倒伏引起的部分产量损失则很明显模式。 协调效应可归因于品种混合物中抗倒伏品种比例较高以及茎的机械强度较高。研究结果表明，小麦品种混合作为一种生态方法，是减少田间生产中倒伏造成的产量损失的有效策略。