Flupyradifurone (FPF) is considered the latest generation of neonicotinoid insecticides. Here, we investigated the toxicity and ecological risk of FPF and its aerobic transformation products (TPs) to aquatic species using the method of prediction. We found that FPF exhibited moderate or high toxicity to some aquatic species. The 5% hazardous concentration of FPF was 3.84 μg/L for aquatic organisms. We obtained 91 aerobic TPs for FPF, and almost half of FPF TPs exhibited toxicity to fish or Daphnia. Eleven of the TPs of FPF exhibited a high or moderate risk to aquatic ecosystems. All FPF TPs with high and moderate risks contained a 6-chloropyridine ring structure, indicating that the derivant of a pyridine ring exhibits potential risks to aquatic ecosystems. Our results provide insight into the potential risk of FPF to aquatic ecosystems and could be used to help set criteria to control pollution caused by FPF.

中文翻译：

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氟吡呋酮及其转化产物对水生生物的潜在风险预测


氟吡呋酮 (FPF) 被认为是最新一代的新烟碱类杀虫剂。在这里，我们采用预测方法研究了FPF及其好氧转化产物（TPs）对水生物种的毒性和生态风险。我们发现 FPF 对某些水生物种表现出中度或高度毒性。 FPF对水生生物的5%危险浓度为3.84μg/L。我们获得了 91 个 FPF 需氧 TP，几乎一半的 FPF TP 对鱼类或水蚤表现出毒性。 FPF 的 11 个TP 对水生生态系统表现出高度或中度风险。所有具有高风险和中风险的FPF TP均含有6-氯吡啶环结构，表明吡啶环的衍生物对水生生态系统表现出潜在风险。我们的研究结果深入了解了 FPF 对水生生态系统的潜在风险，可用于帮助制定控制 FPF 造成的污染的标准。