Self-powered sensors have the potential to enable real-time health monitoring without contributing to the ever-growing demand for energy. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) respond to mechanical deformations to produce electrical signals, imparting a sensing capability without external power sources. Textiles conform to the human body and serve as an interactive biomechanical energy harvesting and sensing medium without compromising comfort. However, the textile-based PENG fabrication process is complex and lacks scalability, making these devices impractical for mass production. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a long-length PENG fiber compatible with industrial-scale manufacturing. The thermal drawing process enables the one-step fabrication of self-poled MoS₂–poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposite fiber devices integrated with electrodes. Heat and stress during thermal drawing and MoS₂ nanoparticle addition facilitate interfacial polarization and dielectric modulation to enhance the output performance. The fibers show a 57 and 70% increase in the output voltage and current compared to the pristine PVDF fiber, respectively, at a considerably low MoS₂ loading of 3 wt %. The low Young’s modulus of the outer cladding ensures an effective stress transfer to the piezocomposite domain and allows minute motion detection. The flexible fibers demonstrate wireless, self-powered physiological sensing and biomotion analysis capability. The study aims to guide the large-scale production of highly sensitive integrated fibers to enable textile-based and plug-and-play wearable sensors.

中文翻译：

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用于生理信号无线监测的自极化压电纳米复合光纤传感器


自供电传感器有潜力实现实时健康监测，而无需满足不断增长的能源需求。压电纳米发电机（PENG）响应机械变形产生电信号，无需外部电源即可提供传感能力。纺织品符合人体结构，可作为交互式生物力学能量收集和传感介质，且不会影响舒适度。然而，基于织物的 PENG 制造工艺复杂且缺乏可扩展性，使得这些设备不适合大规模生产。在这里，我们演示了与工业规模制造兼容的长长度 PENG 纤维的制造。热拉丝工艺可一步制造自极化 MoS ₂ - 聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF) 纳米复合纤维器件（与电极集成）。热拉伸和 MoS ₂ 纳米粒子添加过程中的热量和应力促进界面极化和介电调制，从而提高输出性能。在 3 wt% 的相当低的 MoS ₂ 负载量下，与原始 PVDF 纤维相比，该纤维的输出电压和电流分别增加了 57% 和 70%。外包层的低杨氏模量确保了应力有效传递到压电复合材料域，并允许微小运动检测。柔性纤维具有无线、自供电的生理传感和生物运动分析能力。该研究旨在指导高灵敏度集成纤维的大规模生产，以实现基于纺织品的即插即用可穿戴传感器。