Anode-free lithium–sulfur batteries feature a cell design with a fully lithiated cathode and a bare current collector as an anode to control the total amount of lithium in the cell. The lithium stripping and deposition are key factors in designing an anode-free full cell to realize a practical cell configuration. To realize effective anode protection and achieve a good performance of the anode-free full cell, manipulation of the electrolyte chemistry toward the modification of the solid-electrolyte interphase on the anode is considered a feasible approach. In this study, the use of neodymium triflate, Nd(OTf)₃, as a dual-function electrolyte additive is demonstrated to promote homogeneous catalysis on the cathode conversion reactions and the anode stabilization. Nd(OTf)₃ not only facilitates the conversion reaction by promoting the polysulfide adsorption but also effectively protects the lithium–metal anode and stabilizes the lithium stripping and deposition during cycling. With this electrolyte modification, both Li∥Li₂S half cells and Ni∥Li₂S anode-free full cells support a high areal capacity of 5.5–7.0 mA h cm^–2 and maintain a high Coulombic efficiency of 94–95% during cycling.

中文翻译：

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使用稀土三氟甲磺酸盐作为双功能电解质添加剂的无阳极锂硫电池


无阳极锂硫电池的电池设计采用完全锂化的阴极和裸露的集电器作为阳极，以控制电池中的锂总量。锂剥离和沉积是设计无阳极全电池以实现实用电池配置的关键因素。为了实现有效的阳极保护并实现无阳极全电池的良好性能，通过操纵电解质化学来修饰阳极上的固体电解质界面被认为是一种可行的方法。在这项研究中，证明使用三氟甲磺酸钕 Nd(OTf) ₃ 作为双功能电解质添加剂可以促进阴极转化反应的均相催化和阳极稳定。 Nd(OTf) ₃ 不仅可以通过促进多硫化物吸附来促进转化反应，而且可以有效保护锂金属负极并稳定循环过程中的锂剥离和沉积。通过这种电解质改性，Li∥Li ₂ S 半电池和 Ni∥Li ₂ S 无阳极全电池均支持 5.5–7.0 mA h cm ^–2 并在循环过程中保持 94-95% 的高库仑效率。