At present, the power conversion efficiency of single-junction perovskite-based solar cells reaches over 26%. The further efficiency increase of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices is limited mainly by defects, causing the nonradiative recombination of charge carriers. To improve efficiency and ensure reproducible fabrication of high-quality layers, it is crucial to understand the perovskite nucleation and growth mechanism along with associated process control to reduce the defect density. In this study, we investigate the growth kinetics of a promising narrow bandgap perovskite, formamidinium methylammonium lead iodide (FAMAPbI₃), for high-performance single-junction solar cells. The temporal evolution of structural and optoelectronic properties during FAMAPbI₃ vacuum codeposition was inspected in real time by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and photoluminescence. Such a combination of analytical techniques unravels the evolution of intrinsic defect density and layer morphology correlated with lattice strain from the early stages of the perovskite deposition.

中文翻译：

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FAMAPbI3 钙钛矿真空沉积过程中缺陷、形态和应变的演变：来自原位光致发光和 X 射线散射的见解


目前，单结钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率达到26%以上。钙钛矿基光电器件效率的进一步提高主要受到缺陷的限制，缺陷导致载流子的非辐射复合。为了提高效率并确保高质量层的可重复制造，了解钙钛矿成核和生长机制以及相关的工艺控制以降低缺陷密度至关重要。在这项研究中，我们研究了一种有前途的窄带隙钙钛矿——甲脒甲基铵碘化铅（FAMAPbI ₃ ）的生长动力学，用于高性能单结太阳能电池。通过掠入射广角 X 射线散射和光致发光，实时检查 FAMAPbI ₃ 真空共沉积过程中结构和光电性质的时间演变。这种分析技术的结合揭示了钙钛矿沉积早期阶段与晶格应变相关的固有缺陷密度和层形态的演变。