Zn/alkali metal dual-ion batteries (ZM DIBs) with highly concentrated water-in-salt (WiS) electrolytes are promising next-generation energy storage systems. This enhanced design of Zn-ion rechargeable batteries offers intrinsic safety, high operating voltage, satisfactory capacity, and outstanding cyclic stability. Herein, taking the concept of highly concentrated electrolytes one step further, we introduce water-in-salt gel biopolymer electrolytes (WiS-GBEs) by encapsulating Zn/Li or Zn/Na bisalt compositions in a cellulose membrane. WiS-GBEs inherit the electrochemical merits of highly concentrated electrolytes (i.e., wide voltage window, high ionic conductivity, etc.) and excellent durability of gel biopolymer structures. Both types of WiS-GBEs apply to coin- and pouch-cell compartments of ZM DIBs, offering a high plateau voltage (>1.8 V vs. Zn²⁺/Zn), good and reversible capacity (118 and 57 mAh g^–1 for Zn/Li and Zn/Na cells, respectively), and outstanding cycling stability (more than 90% after 1,000 cycles). Essentially, the pouch cells with WiS-GBEs present superior durability, flexibility, and capacity endurance under various bending stress conditions (90% capacity retention under 0–180° bending modes), indicating their potential capability to power wearable electronics. The practical powering ability of Li- and Na-based pouch systems is demonstrated by the example of a wearable digital timer.

中文翻译：

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用于柔性耐磨锌/碱金属双离子电池的盐包水凝胶生物聚合物电解质


具有高浓度盐包水（WiS）电解质的锌/碱金属双离子电池（ZM DIB）是有前途的下一代储能系统。这种增强型锌离子充电电池设计具有本质安全性、高工作电压、令人满意的容量和出色的循环稳定性。在此，我们将高浓度电解质的概念进一步发展，通过将 Zn/Li 或 Zn/Na 双盐组合物封装在纤维素膜中，引入了盐包水凝胶生物聚合物电解质 (WiS-GBE)。 WiS-GBE继承了高浓度电解质的电化学优点（即宽电压窗口、高离子电导率等）和凝胶生物聚合物结构的优异耐久性。两种类型的 WiS-GBE 均适用于 ZM DIB 的纽扣电池和软包电池隔室，提供高平台电压（>1.8 V vs. Zn ²⁺ /Zn）、良好的可逆容量（118 和 57 Zn/Li 和 Zn/Na 电池分别为 mAh g ^–1 ），以及出色的循环稳定性（1,000 次循环后超过 90%）。本质上，采用 WiS-GBE 的软包电池在各种弯曲应力条件下表现出卓越的耐用性、灵活性和容量耐受性（0-180° 弯曲模式下容量保持率为 90%），表明它们为可穿戴电子设备供电的潜在能力。可穿戴数字计时器的例子证明了锂基和钠基袋系统的实际供电能力。