As the COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, increasing evidences suggest that the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the influence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of organisms exposed to environmental contaminants, i.e., plasticizers: phthalate esters. We found that in mice, exposure to dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) and bis −2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) decreased the blood glucose level and white fat weight, induced inflammatory responses, caused damage to liver and intestinal tissues, and disrupted the gut microbiota composition and SCFAs metabolism. Specifically, the phylum was positively correlated with BBIBP-CorV vaccine, while acetic acid was negatively associated with the vaccine. Interestingly, the BBIBP-CorV vaccine somewhat alleviated tissue inflammation and reduced the contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in mice exposed to DEHP and DOTP. These findings were confirmed by a fecal microbiota transplantation assay. Overall, this study revealed that exposure to DEHP and DOTP adversely affects the gut microbiota and SCFAs, while the BBIBP-CorV vaccine can protect mice against these effects. This work highlighted the relationship between BBIBP-CorV vaccination, gut microbiome composition, and responses to plasticizers, which may facilitate the development and risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and environmental contaminants on microbiota health.

中文翻译：

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BBIBP-CorV 疫苗对暴露于邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯和对苯二甲酸二辛酯的小鼠肠道微生物群和短链脂肪酸的影响


随着 COVID-19 大流行的进展，越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物群可能在 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的有效性中发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，本研究旨在调查 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗对暴露于环境污染物（即增塑剂：邻苯二甲酸酯）的生物体的肠道微生物群和短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 的影响。我们发现，在小鼠中，接触对苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOTP）和邻苯二甲酸双-2-乙基己酯（DEHP）会降低血糖水平和白色脂肪重量，诱导炎症反应，对肝脏和肠道组织造成损害，并扰乱肠道微生物群成分和 SCFA 代谢。具体来说，门与 BBIBP-CorV 疫苗呈正相关，而乙酸与疫苗呈负相关。有趣的是，BBIBP-CorV 疫苗在一定程度上减轻了暴露于 DEHP 和 DOTP 的小鼠的组织炎症，并降低了乙酸和丙酸的含量。这些发现得到了粪便微生物移植测定的证实。总体而言，这项研究表明，接触 DEHP 和 DOTP 会对肠道微生物群和 SCFA 产生不利影响，而 BBIBP-CorV 疫苗可以保护小鼠免受这些影响。这项工作强调了 BBIBP-CorV 疫苗接种、肠道微生物组组成和对增塑剂的反应之间的关系，这可能有助于 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的开发和风险评估以及环境污染物对微生物群健康的影响。