During group package tours, hassles may occur when group members are exposed to negative travel experiences. Therefore, this study utilized to establish the concepts and scales of GPT-MHs. For the qualitative aspect, 25 tour members who had previously participated in group package tours were interviewed in Study 1. We summarized six GPT-MH dimensions through content analysis: safety, the destination, tours, transportation, accommodations, and dietary hassles. For the quantitative aspect, 357 and 366 participants who had experienced short- and long-distance tours were interviewed in Studies 2 and 3, respectively. The test results confirm that the GPT-MHs scale comprised 20 items on six dimensions. Study 4 was conducted with a sample of 376 tour members with group package tour experience to validate the consequences of GPT-MHs. The findings can provide a measurement instrument for GPT-MHs and extend the existing knowledge of hassles in the tourism field.

中文翻译：

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团体旅游会员麻烦（GPT-MHs）的原因：量表开发和验证


在团体旅游期间，当团体成员遭遇负面旅行经历时，可能会出现麻烦。因此，本研究旨在建立GPT-MHs的概念和量表。在定性方面，研究1采访了25名曾参加过跟团游的游客。通过内容分析，我们总结了GPT-MH的六个维度：安全、目的地、行程、交通、住宿和饮食麻烦。在定量方面，研究2和研究3分别采访了357名和366名经历过短途旅行和长途旅行的参与者。测试结果证实GPT-MHs量表由6个维度20个项目组成。研究 4 以 376 名具有跟团旅游经验的旅游成员为样本进行，以验证 GPT-MH 的效果。研究结果可以为 GPT-MH 提供测量工具，并扩展旅游领域现有的麻烦知识。