Although palladium (Pd)/carbon composites have been long regarded as key anode electrocatalysts for direct liquid fuel cells, the conventional particle-shaped Pd crystals as well as less porous carbon matrixes commonly render insufficient electrocatalytic efficiency. Here, we report a convenient and robust route to the bottom-up construction of one-dimensional (1D) interconnected Pd nanowire networks stereoassembled on wheat flour-derived three-dimensional (3D) N-doped porous carbon skeletons (Pd/NPC) via a combined alkali-assisted thermal annealing and solvothermal process. This innovative design strategy is able to effectively harness the respective textural advantages of both ultrafine Pd nanocrystals and biomass-derived nanocarbons, resulting in a series of exceptional structural characteristics including 3D macroporous frameworks, large specific surface area, abundant N species, 1D cross-linked Pd nanowires, stable interfacial interaction, and high electron conductivity. Accordingly, the as-derived Pd/NPC nanoarchitecture is capable to serve as a multifunctional electrocatalyst with large electrochemically active surface areas, high mass/specific activities, and dependable long-term durability toward both the methanol and formic acid oxidation reactions, which make it quite competitive against the traditional Pd/carbon black, Pd/carbon nanotube, and Pd/graphene catalysts with the same Pd loading content.

中文翻译：

---

生物质衍生的多孔碳骨架上立体组装的互连钯纳米线网络作为高效甲醇和甲酸氧化的双功能电催化剂


尽管钯（Pd）/碳复合材料长期以来一直被认为是直接液体燃料电池的关键阳极电催化剂，但传统的颗粒状钯晶体以及较少孔的碳基体通常导致电催化效率不足。在这里，我们报告了一种自下而上构建一维（1D）互连钯纳米线网络的便捷而稳健的路线，该网络立体组装在小麦粉衍生的三维（3D）氮掺杂多孔碳骨架（Pd/NPC）上碱辅助热退火和溶剂热相结合的工艺。这种创新的设计策略能够有效地利用超细钯纳米晶体和生物质衍生的纳米碳各自的结构优势，从而产生一系列优异的结构特征，包括3D大孔框架、大比表面积、丰富的氮物种、一维交联Pd纳米线，稳定的界面相互作用，高电子电导率。因此，衍生的 Pd/NPC 纳米结构能够作为多功能电催化剂，具有大的电化学活性表面积、高质量/比活性以及对甲醇和甲酸氧化反应的可靠的长期耐久性，这使得它与相同钯负载量的传统钯/炭黑、钯/碳纳米管和钯/石墨烯催化剂相比，具有相当的竞争力。