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Proline Analogues
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-28 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00007
Vladimir Kubyshkin 1 , Marina Rubini 2
Affiliation  

Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures. We group proline analogues from the following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated and fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, and bridged proline-resembling structures. We overview (1) the occurrence of proline analogues in nature and their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including ring conformation and cis/trans amide isomerization, (3) use in commercial drugs such as nirmatrelvir recently approved against COVID-19, (4) peptide and protein synthesis involving proline analogues, (5) specific opportunities created in peptide engineering, and (6) cases of protein engineering with the analogues. The review aims to provide a summary to anyone interested in using proline analogues in systems ranging from specific biochemical setups to complex biological systems.

中文翻译:

 脯氨酸类似物


在参与蛋白质生物发生的氨基酸的规范库中,脯氨酸作为呈现修饰主链而不是侧链的氨基酸发挥着独特的作用。模仿脯氨酸但对其特定分子特征进行改变的化学结构被定义为脯氨酸类似物。这篇综述文章总结了有关这一特殊结构家族的现有化学、物理化学和生物化学知识。我们将脯氨酸类似物从以下化合物中分组:取代的脯氨酸、不饱和和稠合结构、环大小同系物、杂环(例如假脯氨酸)和桥连脯氨酸类似结构。我们概述了 (1) 脯氨酸类似物在自然界中的出现及其化学合成,(2) 理化性质,包括环状构象和顺/反式酰胺异构化,(3) 在商业药物中的使用,例如最近批准用于治疗 COVID-19 的 nirmatrelvir,( 4)涉及脯氨酸类似物的肽和蛋白质合成,(5)肽工程中创造的特定机会,以及(6)使用类似物的蛋白质工程案例。该综述旨在为任何有兴趣在从特定生化装置到复杂生物系统的系统中使用脯氨酸类似物的人提供总结。
更新日期:2024-06-28
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