With the rapid advancement of information and communication technology, particularly in artificial intelligence and cloud computing, the deployment of data centers has surged, making energy consumption in these facilities a critical issue. This review aims to address the joint control strategy for thermal management in data centers, focusing on control strategies for server fans. We examine various control methods, from model-free to model-based approaches, including physical, data-driven, and reinforcement learning models. Our analysis extends to multi-level fan control strategies, emphasizing the tight coupling between server operation and facility-level cooling systems. We also discuss control strategies encompassing data center IT equipment and external cooling sources, such as chillers and cooling towers. Our findings highlight the significant potential of multi-level fan control strategies for optimizing energy management. The review advocates for developing an integrated control ecosystem across all levels of data centers, optimizing energy management from chips and servers to air conditioning and cooling infrastructure. This integrated approach addresses data centers' critical energy consumption issue, promoting sustainable development. The novelty of this research lies in its holistic perspective on thermal management and the introduction of joint control strategies that coordinate cooling systems with IT operations. Our insights provide valuable guidance for future implementations, aiming to improve thermal management and computational optimization, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and overall data center performance. This work addresses the pressing need for more efficient energy management in rapidly growing data centers, which is crucial for sustainable development.

中文翻译：

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数据中心热管理系统联合优化多级风扇控制策略的全面回顾与未来展望


随着信息和通信技术，特别是人工智能和云计算的快速发展，数据中心的部署激增，使得这些设施的能源消耗成为一个关键问题。本综述旨在解决数据中心热管理的联合控制策略，重点关注服务器风扇的控制策略。我们研究了各种控制方法，从无模型到基于模型的方法，包括物理、数据驱动和强化学习模型。我们的分析扩展到多级风扇控制策略，强调服务器运行和设施级冷却系统之间的紧密耦合。我们还讨论了包括数据中心 IT 设备和外部冷却源（例如冷水机组和冷却塔）的控制策略。我们的研究结果凸显了多级风扇控制策略在优化能源管理方面的巨大潜力。该审查主张在各级数据中心开发集成控制生态系统，优化从芯片和服务器到空调和冷却基础设施的能源管理。这种综合方法解决了数据中心的关键能源消耗问题，促进可持续发展。这项研究的新颖之处在于其对热管理的整体视角以及协调冷却系统与 IT 运营的联合控制策略的引入。我们的见解为未来的实施提供了宝贵的指导，旨在改善热管理和计算优化，从而提高能源效率和整体数据中心性能。 这项工作解决了快速增长的数据中心对更高效能源管理的迫切需求，这对于可持续发展至关重要。