The rapid emergence of microfluidic paper-based devices as point-of-care testing (POCT) tools for early disease diagnosis and health monitoring, particularly in resource-limited areas, holds immense potential for enhancing healthcare accessibility. Leveraging the numerous advantages of paper, such as capillary-driven flow, porous structure, hydrophilic functional groups, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility, it has become a pivotal choice for microfluidic substrates. The repertoire of microfluidic paper-based devices includes one-dimensional lateral flow assays (1D LFAs), two-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (2D μPADs), and three-dimensional (3D) μPADs. In this comprehensive review, we provide and examine crucial information related to paper substrates, design strategies, and detection methods in multi-dimensional microfluidic paper-based devices. We also investigate potential applications of microfluidic paper-based devices for detecting viruses, metabolites and hormones in non-invasive samples such as human saliva, sweat and urine. Additionally, we delve into capillary-driven flow alternative theoretical models of fluids within the paper to provide guidance. Finally, we critically examine the potential for future developments and address challenges for multi-dimensional microfluidic paper-based devices in advancing noninvasive early diagnosis and health monitoring. This article showcases their transformative impact on healthcare, paving the way for enhanced medical services worldwide.

中文翻译：

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用于无创测试的多维微流体纸基分析装置（μPAD）：结构设计和应用综述


微流控纸质设备作为用于早期疾病诊断和健康监测的即时检测 (POCT) 工具迅速兴起，特别是在资源有限的地区，在提高医疗保健可及性方面具有巨大潜力。利用纸张的众多优点，例如毛细管驱动流动、多孔结构、亲水官能团、生物可降解性、成本效益和灵活性，它已成为微流体基材的关键选择。微流控纸基设备包括一维侧流分析 (1D LFA)、二维微流控纸基分析设备 (2D μPAD) 和三维 (3D) μPAD。在这篇全面的综述中，我们提供并检查了与多维微流控纸基设备中的纸基、设计策略和检测方法相关的关键信息。我们还研究了微流体纸基设备在检测人类唾液、汗液和尿液等非侵入性样本中的病毒、代谢物和激素方面的潜在应用。此外，我们在论文中深入研究了毛细管驱动流动的替代流体理论模型，以提供指导。最后，我们批判性地研究了未来发展的潜力，并解决了多维微流控纸基设备在推进无创早期诊断和健康监测方面的挑战。本文展示了它们对医疗保健的变革性影响，为全球增强医疗服务铺平了道路。