Ambient temperature significantly influences the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), particularly their thermal runaway (TR) behaviors. Yet, the complexities of multidimensional signal dynamics in overcharged LIBs under different ambient temperatures are not well understood. In this study, we performed comprehensive overcharging abuse tests under cold (-10 °C and 0 °C), normal (20 °C), and high ambient temperatures (60 °C), to investigate the evolution of multidimensional signals of expansion force, gas concentration, surface temperature, and voltage. Results show that TR events are not triggered at ambient temperatures of −10 °C and 0 °C, with the maximum temperatures and corresponding rise rate reaching only 125 °C and 0.5 °C/s, respectively. In contrast, for batteries undergoing TR, the maximum temperatures and rates of temperature increase peaked at 410.3 °C and 20.6 °C/s, respectively. The ambient temperature has a minimal impact on the venting force of the battery, which varies from approximately 9500 N to 10000 N, primarily driven by an increase in internal gas pressure during overcharging—a factor relatively unaffected by temperature changes. After safety valve activation during overcharging, Hydrogen (H) is consistently the first gas detected immediately across all ambient temperature scenarios. Additionally, an increase in ambient temperature results in earlier detection of abnormal expansion and venting behaviors, characterized by lower venting voltages and higher venting temperatures. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of battery failure mechanisms under various ambient temperatures and informs the development of early safety warning strategies for LIBs during the charging process.

中文翻译：

---

环境温度对锂离子电池过充过程多维信号动态及安全性能的影响


环境温度会显着影响锂离子电池 (LIB) 的安全性能，尤其是热失控 (TR) 行为。然而，不同环境温度下过充电锂离子电池中多维信号动态的复杂性尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们在寒冷（-10°C和0°C）、正常（20°C）和高环境温度（60°C）下进行了全面的过度充电滥用测试，以研究膨胀力多维信号的演变、气体浓度、表面温度和电压。结果表明，在-10℃和0℃的环境温度下不会触发TR事件，最高温度和相应的上升速率分别达到125℃和0.5℃/s。相比之下，对于经历TR的电池来说，最高温度和升温速率分别达到410.3°C和20.6°C/s的峰值。环境温度对电池排气力的影响很小，其变化范围约为 9500N 至 10000N，主要由过度充电期间内部气压的增加驱动，而该因素相对不受温度变化的影响。过度充电期间安全阀激活后，在所有环境温度情况下，氢气 (H) 始终是立即检测到的第一种气体。此外，环境温度的升高会导致更早检测到异常膨胀和排气行为，其特征是排气电压较低和排气温度较高。这项研究有助于更深入地了解不同环境温度下的电池失效机制，并为锂电池充电过程中早期安全预警策略的制定提供信息。